Honghakao

ဘုရားဒကာႀကီးဦးနာေအာက္

2008-10-27T18:20:00.000+06:30

ဘုရားဒကာႀကီးဦးနာေအာက္
၁၁၉၄-၁၂၇၅
၁၉ ရာစုတြင္ ေက်ာ္ေဇာထင္ရွားေသာ မြန္တိုင္းရင္းသားမ်ားတြင္ ဘုရားဒကာ ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ တစ္ေယာက္အပါအ၀င္ ျဖစ္ခဲ့သည္။

ကရင္ျပည္နယ္ ဘားအံၿမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ဖဲကတာေက်းရြာ မြန္ေက်းရြာကေလးျဖစ္ေသာ ခရဲေက်းရြာတြင္ ေကာဇာသကၠရာဇ္ ၁၁၉၄ ခုႏွစ္ ကဆုန္လဆုတ္ ၃ ရက္ ၾကာသ ပေတးေန႕တြင္ ေမြးဖြားသည္။

မိဘႏွစ္ပါးသည္ အလြန္ဆင္းရဲၿပီး ေမြးခ်င္း ၅ ေယာက္အနက္ စတုတၳေျမာက္ သားျဖစ္ေလသည္။

ဦးနာေအာက္အား မြန္ဘာသာျဖင့္ "အအက္" ဟု ေခၚတြင္ေလသည္။ မြန္ဘာ သာ အအက္ဟူသည္ ျမန္မာဘာသာ အဓိပၸါယ္မွာ အရုပ္ဆိုးအက်ည္းတန္ဟု ဆုိ ႏုိင္သည့္အျပင္ သူတစ္ပါးအေပၚ ႏိုင္ထက္စီးနင္းမလုပ္ျခင္း၊ ေဒါသကို ထိန္း သိမ္းျခင္းႏွင့္ ႏွိမ့္ခ်၍ ေနတတ္ျခင္းဟုလည္း အဓိပၸါယ္ေဖၚႏိုင္သည္။

လူလားေျမာက္ အရြယ္ေရာက္လာေသာအခါတြင္ ေမာင္ေအာက္အား ပညာသင္ ၾကားရန္ ေကာ့မယ္ခရ ဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးထံ၌ မိဘႏွစ္ပါးက အပ္ႏွံေလသည္။ ဘုန္း ေတာ္ႀကီးေက်ာင္းတြင္ ပညာကို ေကာင္းစြာမသင္ၾကားႏုိင္ဘဲ ေက်ာင္းမွထြက္ ကာ ကြၽဲေက်ာင္းသား၊ ႏြားေက်ာင္းသားဘ၀ျဖင့္ ဆင္းရဲေသာ မိဘႏွစ္ပါးကို ကူ ညီရေလသည္။ စာသင္ၾကားရမည့္အရြယ္တြင္ ေမာင္ေအာက္သည္ ေက်ာင္း လြယ္အိတ္လြယ္ၿပီး ေက်ာင္းတက္ရမည့္အစား ေကာ့မယ္ခရရြာ၌ ေလာက္ေလး ကိုကိုင္ကာ ေလာက္စာလံုးအိတ္လြယ္ၿပီး ကြၽဲစားက်က္၌ ကြၽဲစီးၿပီး ကြၽဲေက်ာင္း သားဘ၀ ျဖစ္ခဲ့ရသည္။

ေမာင္ေအာက္သည္ အလြန္ဆင္းရဲလွေသာ္လည္း လံု႔လ၊ ၀ိရိယႏွင့္ ဇြဲရွိသူ ျဖစ္ သည္။ ေရာင့္ရဲတင္းတိမ္သူလည္း ျဖစ္သည္။ ဟင္းလ်ာအျဖစ္ ဆားရလၽွင္ ဆား ႏွင့္စားၿပီး ငါးပိဖုတ္ႏွင့္လည္း ေက်နပ္သူျဖစ္သည္။

ေမာင္ေအာက္သည္ ေရွးဘ၀က ပုပၸေစတနာ အက်ဳိးမေပးသျဖင့္ ပထမအရြယ္ ၌ ဒုကၡ၊ သုကၡ ေလာကလႈိင္းတံပိုးေအာက္၌ ျမဳပ္တစ္ခါ ေပၚတစ္လွည့္ျဖင့္ ခရီး ၾကမ္းႀကီးေပၚတြင္ ေလၽွာက္ေနရသူျဖစ္၏။ သုိ႔ ကြၽဲေက်ာင္းသားဘ၀ႏွင့္ ဘ၀ကို ရင္ဆိုင္ေနရစဥ္ ကတိုးရြာသူေဌးႀကီး ဦးမြန္ေထာ္၏ ကိုးေဆာင္အိမ္ႀကီး၊ ေကာ့ ႏွတ္ရြာရွိ သူေဌးဦးေထာ္အာႏွင့္ အျခားအိမ္ႀကီး အိမ္ေကာင္းမ်ားကို ေတြ႕ရွိ ေသာအခါ ယင္းတို႔ကဲ့သို႔ ႀကီးပြားခ်မ္းသာလိုေသာစိတ္မ်ား တဖြားဖြား ေပၚေပါက္ လာခဲ့၏။

ဘုန္းကံရွိေသာ ေယာက်ာ္းပီပီ ဘ၀ကုိ အရႈံးမေပးတတ္သူ ဇဲြရွိေသာသူ လံု႔လ၀ိရိ ယရွိသူျဖစ္သည့္အေလ်ာက္ ကြၽဲေက်ာင္းသား၊ ႏြားေက်ာင္းသားဘ၀တြင္ က် ေရာက္လင့္ကစား ကတိုးေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာမ်ားသို႔ ေရာက္ရွိစဥ္က ျမင္ေတြ႕ရေသာ လူခ်မ္းသာတို႔၏ ႀကီးပြားခ်မ္းသာ တိုးတက္ေနသည္ကို အားက်ကာ ၎တို႔ကဲ့ သို႔ ျဖစ္လာရန္ ႀကိဳးစားမည္ဟု သႏၶိ႒ါန္ခ်ထားေလသည္။

လူလားေျမာက္အရြယ္သို႔ ေရာက္ရွိလာေသာအခါတြင္ မိဘႏွစ္ပါးလည္း ကြယ္ လြန္ၿပီး ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ မိမိ၏အၾကံအစည္ ေအာင္ျမင္ရန္အတြက္ ကတိုး၊ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာႏွင့္ တဆက္တည္းျဖစ္ေသာ သံလြင္ျမစ္ေပၚရွိ သံဃာပိုင္ရြာရွိ မိမိ၏ အစ္မႀကီး ေဒၚေထာေဂ့ (မိထ၀္ဂြံ) ရွိရာသို႔ လာေရာက္ေနထိုင္ကာ အစ္မ၏ လယ္ေျမတြင္ လယ္သမားအျဖစ္ ၀င္ေရာက္လုပ္ကိုင္ေလသည္။

အခ်ိန္တန္အရြယ္ေရာက္ေသာအခါ ဖူးစာရွင္ျဖစ္ေသာ မိေရႊမႈန္ႏွင့္ လက္ထပ္ ထိမ္းျမႇားေလသည္။ မိေရႊမႈန္သည္ အိမ္တြင္းမႈအျပင္ ေကာက္စိုက္ျခင္း၊ ကိုင္း လုပ္ျခင္းတုိ႕၌လည္း ေယာက်ာ္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ရင္ေဘာင္တန္းၿပီး ပစၥည္းဥစၥာရွာေဖြ တတ္သူျဖစ္ေလသည္။ တက္ညီလက္ညီျဖင့္ ဘ၀ခရီးကို စတင္ေလၽွာက္စဥ္မွာ ပင္ မိေရႊမႈန္သည္ မိမိ၏ ခ်စ္လွစြာေသာ ခင္ပြန္းသည္ကို လက္တြဲျဖဳတ္ၿပီး ေသ မင္းေခၚရာေနာက္သို႔ ပါသြားရရွာေလေတာ့သည္။

ခ်စ္ဇနီးကြယ္လြန္ၿပီးေနာက္ ၀မ္းနည္းဖြယ္ရာ၊ အားနည္းဖြယ္ရာမ်ားကို ဖယ္ရွား ၿပီး ဘ၀ကို အရႈံးမေပးေသာ ေယာက်ာ္းပီပီ မိမိ၏အဓိ႒ာန္ ေအာင္ျမင္ေရးအ တြက္ မင္းျဖစ္လိုက မင္းနားခစား၊ သူေ႒းျဖစ္လိုက သူေ႒းနားမွာ ခစားမွ ျဖစ္မယ္ ဟု စိတ္ကူးၿပီး ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာရွိ သူေဌးႀကီးဦးေထာ္အာထံတြင္ အလုပ္၀င္လုပ္ ေလသည္။

ဦးေထာ္အာ၏ စည္းစိမ္ခ်မ္းသာ ပစၥည္းႂကြယ္၀မႈကို အားက်၍ ဦးေထာ္အာကဲ့ သို႔ ႂကြယ္၀ခ်မ္းသာရန္
(၁) အလုပ္ကို ႀကိဳးစားလုပ္မည္။
(၂) ရဲရဲ၀ံ့၀ံ့ ေနာက္မတြန္႔ပဲ လုပ္ရမည္။
(၃) ရိုးသားရမည္။
(၄) ေ၀ဖန္ေထာက္ရႈ မိမိမႈကို ေ၀ဖန္ရမည္ဟူေသာ စည္းကမ္းေလးခ်က္ ကို ခ်မွတ္ ေလသည္။

ထိုသို႔ သူေဌးႀကီးဦးေထာ္အာထံတြင္ ၀င္ေရာက္အလုပ္လုပ္ေနစဥ္ ေမာင္ေအာက္ ၏ ေယာကၡမတို႔က ၎တို႔၏ သမီးငယ္ မိေရႊမႈန္၏ညီမ မိေရႊအုပ္ႏွင့္ ျပန္လည္ လက္ဆက္ေပးေလသည္။ မိေရႊအုပ္ႏွင့္ ၾကာရွည္ေပါင္းလိုက္ရဘဲ အစ္မမိ ေရႊမႈန္ နည္းတူ မိေရႊအုပ္လည္း ေသဆံုးသြားေလသည္။

ဒုတိယဇနီးေသဆံုးၿပီးေနာက္ ရွိသမၽွပစၥည္းမ်ားကို အစ္မႀကီးအားအပ္ႏွံခဲ့ၿပီး သူ ေဌး ႀကီးဦးေထာ္အာထံတြင္ ေျခစံုပစ္၍ အလုပ္၀င္လုပ္ေတာ့သည္။

သူေဌးႀကီး ဦးေထာ္အာႏွင့္ဇနီး ေဒၚခမာနားတို႔သည္ ထိုအခ်ိန္တြင္ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာ ၌ အလြန္ႂကြယ္၀ခ်မ္းသာေသာ သူေဌးႀကီးဟု ေက်ာ္ၾကားလၽွက္ရွိသည္။
ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕တြင္ သားျဖစ္သူ ေမာင္ေရႊအိုးအမည္ျဖင့္ ေရႊအိုးဘရားသား ကုမၸဏီ တစ္ခုကိုလည္း တည္ေထာင္ထားေလသည္။ သစ္ေတာပိုင္ရွင္သူေဌး ႀကီးလည္း ျဖစ္သည္။ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ ဘုရားေက်ာင္း၀င္းရွိ တုိက္ေက်ာင္းႀကီး မဟာျမတ္မုနိ ပိဋ ကတ္တိုက္ႏွင့္ မီးေလာင္သြားေသာ ဇရပ္ႀကီးတစ္ေဆာင္၏ အလွဴရွင္လည္း ျဖစ္၏။

ေမာင္ေအာက္သည္ သူေဌးႀကီး ဦးေထာ္အာထံ၌္ အလုပ္၀င္လုပ္ရာတြင္ ေရေတြ႔ ေသာ ငါးက့ဲသို႔ စိတ္အားငယ္မႈ၊ ၀မ္းနည္းမႈမ်ားကို ေျဖေဖ်ာက္၍ စိတ္ခ်မ္းသာစြာ ျဖင့္ အလုပ္ကိုႀကိဳးစားျခင္း စည္းကမ္းေသ၀ပ္ျခင္းတို႔ေၾကာင့္ အလုပ္သမားအ ေပၚ ေခါင္းေဆာင္မႈ ရရွိလာသည္။ သူေဌးႀကီးဦးေထာ္အာသည္ ရိုးသားေသာ ေမာင္ေအာက္အား အလုပ္သမားေခါင္းေဆာင္ခန္႔ၿပီး သစ္ေတာႀကိဳး၀ိုင္းသို႔ မိမိ၏ လူယံုအျဖစ္ႏွင့္ ေစလႊတ္၍ သစ္လုပ္ငန္းကို လုပ္ကိုင္ေစသည္။ ေမာင္ေအာက္ သည္ သစ္ေတာႀကဳိး၀ိုင္းတြင္ သူေဌးႀကီးအလုိက် သစၥာရွိရွိျဖင့္ လုပ္ကိုင္ေဆာင္ ရြက္ေပးသျဖင့္ အေတာ္ဆံုးႏွင့္ သစၥာအရွိဆံုး အလုပ္သမားေခါင္းေဆာင္ အျဖစ္ အသိအမွတ္ျပဳကာ ဆုေငြမ်ားခ်ီးျမႇင့္ၿပီး သူေကာင္းျပဳေလသည္။ ထိုသို႔ ဥစၥာ ပစၥည္းႏွင့္ ခ်ီးျမႇင့္ျခင္းခံရေသာ္လည္း ေမာင္ေအာက္မွာ ဘ၀င္ျမင့္ျခင္းမရွိပဲ မိမိ၏ ေရာက္လိုေသာ ပန္းတိုင္ကိုပင္ စြဲၿမဲစြာထားၿပီး အလုပ္ကိုႀကိဳးစား၍ လုပ္ကိုင္ ေလသည္။

ထိုသို႔ အလုပ္ႀကိဳးစားမႈ စည္းကမ္းရွိမႈတို႔ေၾကာင့္ ပစၥည္းဥစၥာမ်ား စုေဆာင္းမိလာ ၏။ စုေဆာင္းမိလာေသာ ဥစၥာပစၥည္းမ်ားကို ထိန္းသိမ္းရန္ ဘ၀ၾကင္ေဖာ္ လိုလာ ၏။ တတိယ ေျမာက္ဇနီးအျဖစ္ မိဂ်ာဥႏွင့္ လက္ထပ္ထိမ္းျမႇားျပန္ေလသည္။

မိဂ်ာဥႏွင့္ ထိမ္းျမႇားၿပီးေနာက္ စုေဆာင္းထားေသာေငြအျပင္ သူေဌးႀကီး ဦးေထာ္ အာထံမွ ေခ်းယူထားေသာ ေငြအရင္းအႏွီးျဖင့္ သူေဌးႀကီးဦးေထာ္အာထံမွ အ လုပ္ခြဲထြက္ကာ မိမိကိုယ္ပိုင္သစ္လုပ္ငန္းကို စတင္လုပ္ကိုင္ေလေတာ့သည္။

ေမာင္ေအာက္သည္ မိမိကိုယ္ပိုင္သစ္လုပ္ငန္းလုပ္ကိုင္ရန္အတြက္ သစ္ေတာသို႔ မထြက္မီ တစ္ေန႔တြင္ "ငါသည္ ငယ္စဥ္အခ်ိန္ ဆင္းရဲသားအခ်ိန္၌ ငါရည္မွန္း ထားေသာ ခ်မ္းသာရမည့္ ေရာင္ျခည္ဦးဘ၀သို႔ ငါတက္လွမ္းရေတာ့မည္။ သို႔ ေသာ္ကံတရားသည္ ဆန္းၾကယ္ပါ၏။ ဥာဏ္ႏွင့္၀ီရိယသည္ ကံတရား၏ အျခံအ ရံမၽွသာ ျဖစ္သည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ငါ့ေကာင္းမႈကံျပည့္ေအာင္ ရတနာသံုးပါးသည္ ငါ၏ ကိုးကြယ္ရာ ျဖစ္ပါသည္" ဟု စိတ္ကူးမိေလသည္။

ထိုစိတ္ကူးခံစားခ်က္ကို ႏွလံုးသြင္းလၽွက္ ပန္း၊ ဆီမီး၊ ဖေယာင္းတုိင္မ်ားကို ကိုင္ ေဆာင္လၽွက္ ဘုရားေက်ာင္း၀င္းအတြင္းသို႔ ၀င္သြားေလသည္။ ဘုရားေက်ာင္း ၀င္းအတြင္းရွိ ဘုရားငုတ္တို ေစတီအနီးသို႔ ေရာက္ေသာအခါတြင္ ပန္း၊ ဆီမီး၊ ဖ ေယာင္းတိုင္မ်ားျဖင့္ ဘုရားအားပူေဇာ္ကာ သူ၏လိုအင္ဆႏၵကို ဆုေတာင္း၍ အိမ္ သို႔ျပန္သြားေလသည္။

ယင္းဆုေတာင္းခ်က္ႏွင့္အညီ ေအာင္ျမင္မႈသည္ မေ၀းေသာကာလတြင္ ရွိေနၿပီး ျဖစ္သည္ကို ေမာင္ေအာက္သည္ ယံုၾကည္မႈအျပည့္ႏွင့္ ၀မ္းေျမာက္၀မ္းသာ ျဖစ္ ေနမိေလသည္။

မွတ္ခ်က္…..

ေကာ့ႏွတ္ဟူေသာ ေ၀ါဟာရမွာ မြန္ဘာသာ "ကံဟႏွာတ္" ဟူေသာ အသံမွ ျဖစ္ ေပၚလာေသာ အမည္ျဖစ္သည္။ "ကံ" ဟူေသာအဓိပၸါယ္မွာ ကုန္းျမင့္ ေျမေနရာ ကို ဆိုလုိၿပီး "ဟႏွာတ္" မွာ ပက္ခြံ႕ ဟူေသာ အဓိပၸါယ္ရသည္။ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာ မ ျဖစ္ေပၚလာမီ ထိုေနရာကို ေရလႊမ္းမိုးေသာအခါ ပက္ခြံ႕ေလာက္ရွိေသာ ကုန္း ျမင့္ကေလးသာ ေပၚထြန္းလၽွက္ရွိၿပီးေနာက္ ပက္ခြံ႕မၽွေလာက္သာ ရွိေသာေျမႏွင့္ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ေနရာတြင္ ရြာတည္ေသာအခါ ထိုရြာကို "ေကာ့ႏွတ္" "ပက္ခြံ႔ကုန္း" ဟူ၍ ေခၚတြင္ေလသည္။

ေမာင္ေအာက္သည္ ယံုၾကည္မႈအျပည့္အ၀ျဖင့္ သစ္ေတာသို႔ တက္သြားသည္။ ထိုအခ်ိန္၌ တနသၤာရီတိုင္းသည္ အဂၤလိပ္တို႔ သိမ္းပိုက္ထားၿပီး ျမန္မာျပည္အ ထက္ပိုင္းမွာ မၿငိမ္မသက္ျဖစ္ေနေသာ အခ်ိန္အခါျဖစ္ေလသည္။ သကၠရာဇ္ ၁၂၄၇ ခုႏွစ္၊ သီေပါမင္းပါေတာ္မူၿပီးေနာက္ ရွမ္းျပည္ႏွင့္ ကယားျပည္နယ္တြင္ အဂၤလိပ္တို႔ကို ခုခံတိုက္ခိုက္ၾကသည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ တုိင္းရင္းသားရွမ္းႏွင့့္ ကယား တို႔ကို အဂၤလိက္တုိ႔က ဆက္လက္ႏွိမ္နင္းေနရေလသည္။ ေနာက္ဆံုးတြင္ တိုင္း ရင္းသားမ်ားတုိ႔သည္ အားမတန္၍ မာန္ေလၽွာ့ကာ အဂၤလိပ္္တို႔ႏွင့္ ေစ့စပ္ေျပ ၿငိမ္းရေလသည္။ သို႔ေသာ္ ကယားေစာ္ဘြားတုိ႔က မိမိတို႔ပိုင္သစ္ေတာမ်ား ျဖစ္ ၾကေသာ လြယ္ေကာ္၊ မယ္ဖ၊ မယ္ခဲ၊ သဖန္းေခ်ာင္း သစ္ေတာမ်ားကို ေစ်းေပါ ေပါျဖင့္ တုိင္းရင္းသား ညီအစ္ကိုေတာ္ျဖစ္သည့္ မြန္လူမ်ဳိးဦးနာေအာက္အား သစ္ထုတ္ခြင့္ ေပးလိုက္ေလသည္။ ရွမ္းေစာ္ဘြားမ်ားကလည္း မိမိတို႔ပိုင္ သစ္ ေတာမ်ားမွ နန္းဖဲေတာကိုလည္း ဦးနာေအာက္အား ေစ်းႏႈန္းခ်ဳိသာစြာျဖင့္ လုပ္ ကိုင္ခြင့္ေပးေလသည္။ အေရးႀကီးေသြးနီးဆိုသကဲ့သို႔ တိုင္းရင္းသားအခ်င္းခ်င္း ရိုင္းပင္းကူညီမႈေၾကာင့္ ေန႔ခ်င္းညခ်င္းဆိုသလို ဦးနာေအာက္၏ စီးပြားေရးမွာ အံ့ ၾသဖြယ္ ေကာင္းေလာက္ေအာင္ တုိးတက္လာေတာ့သည္။

ဦးနာေအာက္၏ သစ္တံဆိပ္မွာ (၃၃၃) ျဖစ္သည္။ ယင္းတို႔သည္ ရတနာသံုးပါး၊ ပိဋကတ္သံုးပံု၊ ဘံုသံုးပါးဟူ၍ အဓိပၸါယ္ရသည္။ ထိုတံဆိပ္ကို မွတ္ပံုတင္ၿပီး မိမိ ပိုင္သစ္ေတာမွ သစ္မ်ားကို ယင္းတံဆိပ္ျဖင့္ ခတ္ႏွိပ္ေလသည္။ ကုသိုလ္ကံ အ က်ဳိးေပးလာမႈေၾကာင့္ ထုတ္လုပ္ရန္အလြန္ခက္ေသာ မယ္ဖ၊ မယ္ခဲ၊ သဖန္း ေခ်ာင္းသစ္ေတာမ်ားရွိ သစ္မ်ားသည္ ထိုႏွစ္တြင္ မိုးသည္းထန္ စြာရြာၿပီး ေရလၽွံ မႈေၾကာင့္ သံလြင္ျမစ္အတြင္းသို႔ အလြယ္တကူ ေရာက္ရိွလာကာ ျမစ္တေလၽွာက္ ေမ်ာပါလာၾကၿပီး ကတိုး၊ ေကာ့ႏွတ္သစ္ဆိပ္သို႔ ေကာင္းမြန္စြာ ဆုိက္ေရာက္လာ ၾကေလသည္။

ထိုအခ်ိန္တြင္ သံလြင္ျမစ္ကမ္းေပၚရွိ သံဃာပိုင္ရြာမွ ေမာ္လၿမဳိင္သို႔ စီးဆင္းေသာ သံလြင္ျမစ္တစ္ေလၽွာက္ ငါးမုိင္ေလာက္အကြာအေ၀းအထိ သစ္ေဖာင္မ်ားျဖင့္ ျပည့္ႏွက္ေနေတာ့၏။ ထိုသစ္အားလံုး၏ တံဆိပ္မွာ (၃၃၃) ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ သစ္ ထုတ္လုပ္ေရးစခန္းမွ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာအေရာက္ သစ္တစ္လံုးအတြက္ ကုန္က်စ ရိတ္ေငြသည္ ေငြဒဂၤါး ၂၀ ျဖစ္သည္။ ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္တြင္ ေရာင္းရေသာ ေစ်းႏႈန္းမွာ ေငြဒဂၤါး ၉၀-၁၀၀ ထိ ေရာင္းရသျဖင့္ ထိုႏွစ္ဦးမွာပင္ ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ စုစု ေပါင္းအျမတ္ေငြ ၁၀ သိန္းခန္႔ရရွိေလေတာ့သည္။

ေမာင္ေအာက္၏ ဆုေတာင္းခန္းသည္ ျပည့္စံုၿပီး ဥာဏ္ႏွင့္ လံု႔လ၊ ၀ီရိယသာ က်န္ေတာ့သည္။ ဆင္းရဲသားဘ၀မွ ေန႔ခ်င္းညခ်င္း ခ်မ္းသာလာေသာ္လည္း မိမိ ၏ ဘ၀ေဟာင္းကိုမေမ့ဘဲ မိမိ၏ အလုပ္သမားမ်ားအေပၚ ဘႀကီးအရြယ္ကို ဘႀကီး၊ ဖခင္အရြယ္ကို ဖခင္လိုသေဘာထားၿပီး ခ်ီးျမႇင့္ထိုက္သူကို ခ်ီးျမႇင့္၍ ဆံုးမ သင့္သူကို ဆံုးမေလသည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ အလုပ္သမားမ်ားက ဖခင္လိုသေဘာ ထားၿပီး ဘႀကီးေအာက္လို႔ အမႊန္းတင္ေခၚၾကေလသည္။ မြန္ဘာသာအားျဖင့္ "အနာဲအံက္" "ဘႀကီးေအာက္" ဟူ၍လည္း အမႊန္းတင္ၿပီး ေခၚၾကသည္။ "အနာဲ" ၏ အဓိပၸါယ္မွာ "ဘႀကီး" ျဖစ္သည္။

ထိုသို႔ႀကီးပြားခ်မ္းသာလာေသာ အႏုိင္ေအာက္သည္ ပက္ခြံ႔မၽွေလာက္သာ ရွိ ေသာ ေအာင္ေျမေပၚတြင္ ရပ္တည္ၿပီး ဘုရားငုတ္တိုေစတီငယ္ထံတြင္ အဓိ႒ာန္ ၀င္ကာ ဆုေတာင္းခဲ့သျဖင့္ ယခုအခါ ဆုေတာင္းသည့္အတိုင္း ျပည့္စံုလာသည္ ကို အဖန္ဖန္သတိရသျဖင့္ အလုပ္အားသည့္အခါတိုင္း သစ္ေတာႀကိဳး၀ိုင္းမွ ေကာ့ႏွတ္သို႔ ျပန္လာသည္။ ဘုရားငုတ္တိုငယ္ကို ေစတီကေလးကို ေစတီ အႀကီးအျဖစ္ ျပည္လည္တည္ကာ ဇနီးသည္ ေဒၚဂ်ာဥႏွင့္အတူ ေရစက္သြန္းခ် အမၽွေပးေ၀ခဲ့ေလသည္။

ဇနီးသည္ ေဒၚဂ်ာဥမွာလည္း ႏိုင္ေအာက္ႏွင့္ ၾကာရွည္ လက္မတြဲလိုက္ရဘဲ ေသမင္းေခၚရာေနာက္သို႔ လိုက္ရျပန္သည္။

ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ ထိုအခ်ိန္တြင္ အသက္ ၄၀ ေက်ာ္မၽွသာရွိေသးသည္။ ဇနီး သည္ ေသဆံုးသည့္အတြက္ တရားႏွင့္ေျဖကာ အံႀကိတ္၍ အလုပ္ကိုဆက္ လုပ္ ေလေတာ့သည္။

ထိုအျမတ္ေငြ ဆယ္သိန္းျဖင့္ သစ္ထုတ္လုပ္ေရးလုပ္ငန္းကို တိုးခ်ဲ႕လိုက္ေလ သည္။

သံလြင္ျမစ္အေရွ႕ဘက္ ယိုးဒယား (ထိုင္း) ျပည္တြင္ မယ္ေဟာင္ဆြန္ သစ္ေတာ ႀကဳိး၀ို္င္းကို အခြန္ေဆာင္ၿပီး မိမိကိုယ္တိုင္ႀကီးၾကပ္၍ ဆင္ေပါက္အစီး (၄၀) ႏွင့္ သစ္ထုတ္လုပ္ေရးလုပ္ငန္းကို လုပ္ကိုင္ရာ အျမတ္အစြန္းမ်ားစြာ ရလာ ျပန္၏။

ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ အလုပ္ကို ထႂကြစြာလုပ္၏။ ႏိုးႏိုးၾကားၾကားအျမဲတမ္းရွိ၏။ ငယ္သားအေပၚ သနားၾကင္နာမႈရွိ၏။ အျမင္မေတာ္သည္မ်ားကို သည္းခံၿပီး ျပဳ ျပင္ေပး၏။ လုပ္ငန္းတစ္ခုကို ကိုယ္တိုင္က်င့္ၾကံေထာက္ရႈၿပီးမွ လုပ္တတ္၏။ ထို ကဲ့သို႕ေသာ ထႂကြႏိုးၾကား သနားသည္းခံ၊ ေ၀ဖန္ေထာက္ရႈဟူေသာ နာယက ဂုဏ္ေျခာက္ပါးကို လက္ခံထားၿပီး လုပ္ငန္းကို လုပ္ေဆာင္ေသာေၾကာင့္ သူ၏ လုပ္ငန္းသည္ လ်င္ျမန္စြာ တိုးတက္ျခင္းျဖစ္ေလသည္။

လုပ္ငန္းကိုတြင္က်ယ္လာေအာင္ မယ္ေဟာင္စြန္သစ္ေတာကို တူျဖစ္သူ (ဇနီးမိ ဂ်ာဥ ဘက္မွ) ႏိုင္ထြန္းရင္ႏွင့္ ႏိုင္တြတ္တို႔အား ဆင္အစီး ၄၆ စီးႏွင့္ ႀကီးၾကပ္ ခိုင္းေစၿပီး မိမိမွာမူ စြမ္းရည္ရွိ ေစာင္းမဲသစ္ေတာႏွင့္ ကယားျပည္နယ္ရွိ ႏြား ေစာင္း သစ္ေတာကို ဆက္လက္လုပ္ကိုင္ျပန္သည္။

ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ သစ္ေတာလုပ္ငန္းတြင္ မ်ားစြာေအာင္ျမင္မႈရၿပီး ေနာက္ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ ရြာသို႔ျပန္လာေသာအခါတြင္ ခ်စ္တီးကုလားႏွင့္ ဘာဘူကုလားမ်ား သည္ တုိင္းရင္းသားျဖစ္ၾကေသာ ေတာင္သူလယ္သမားမ်ားအား မတန္မဆ ေသာ အတိုးႏႈန္းျဖင့္ ေငြေခ်းၿပီး ေသြးစုပ္ခ်ယ္လွယ္ေနသည္ကို ေတြ႕ျမင္ရသျဖင့္ ထိုခ်စ္တီးကုလားႏွင့္ ဘာဘူကုလားမ်ားကို တိုက္ရန္အတြက္ ေငြတိုးခ်စားျခင္း ႏွင့္ စပါးေရာင္း၀ယ္လုပ္ငန္းကို တုိးခ်ဲ႕စမ္းသပ္လုပ္ကိုင္ေလေတာ့သည္။

ႏိုင္ငံျခားပြဲစား ခ်စ္တီး၊ ဘာဘူကုလားမ်ားသည္ သူတို႔၏စီးပြားေရး ေစ်းကြက္ထဲ သို႔ မြန္တိုင္းရင္းသား ေခတ္ပညာမဲ့ ဘုန္းႀကီးေက်ာင္းထြက္ အရင္းရွင္ေပါက္စ တစ္ေယာက္ ၀င္ထြက္လာသည္ကို အထူးမလိုလား၍ ဦးနာေအာက္၏ လုပ္ငန္း ပ်က္ဆီးရာ ပ်က္စီးေၾကာင္းအတြက္ နည္းအမ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးျဖင့္ တိုက္ခိုက္လာၾက၏။ ထိုသုိ႔တိုက္ခိုက္ခံရမႈအျပင္ ဦးနာေအာက္အလုပ္သမားမ်ား၏ လုပ္ငန္းမကြၽမ္း က်င္မႈေၾကာင့္ ပထမတြင္ အရႈံးႏွင့္သာ ရင္ဆိုင္ရေလေတာ့သည္။ သို႔ေသာ္လည္း ဦးနာေအာက္မွာကား "ဘဲအုပ္တစ္ရာႏွစ္ရာ မေဗဒါကတစ္ပင္တည္း၊ မေဗဒါအံ ကိုခဲ ပန္းပန္လၽွက္ပဲ" ဟူေသာ စာဆိုႏွင့္အညီ အရင္းရွင္ႏိုင္ငံျခားသားတို႔ ၀ိုင္းၿပီး တုိက္ခုိက္ၾကသည္ကို အျပံဳးမပ်က္အံႀကိတ္လၽွက္ ရင္ဆိုင္ရန္ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ခ် လိုက္ေလသည္။

ခုခံ၀့ံသူ ေအာင္ပြဲရ၏ဟူေသာ ေဆာင္ပုဒ္ကို လက္ခံယံုၾကည္ၿပီး မိမိ၏ အား နည္းခ်က္ ဟာကြက္ ေပ်ာ့ကြက္မ်ားကို ေလ့လာရာတြင္ မိမိ၏ပြဲစားမ်ားႏွင့္ အလုပ္သမားမ်ား မကြၽမ္းက်င္မႈေၾကာင့္ လုပ္ငန္းမေအာင္ျမင္သည္ကို ေတြ႔ရသ ျဖင့္ သစ္ေတာလုပ္ငန္း၌ အားထားရေသာ လူယံုေတာ္ဦးငယ္ကိုဆင့္ေခၚၿပီး စပါး လုပ္ငန္းတြင္ တာ၀န္ယူထမ္းေဆာင္ေစသည္။ ေငြေၾကးဘက္တြင္မူ မိမိ၏လူယံု ေတာ္ဦးဘိုးခင္အား တာ၀န္ခ်ထားေလသည္။ စာေရးႀကီးဦးဘိုးခင္သည္ ေန႔စဥ္ ၀င္ေငြထြက္ေငြစာရင္းႏွင့္ ဘဏ္သြင္းေငြ ထုတ္ေငြစာရင္းမ်ားကုိ ဦးနာေအာက္ အား တင္ျပအစီရင္ခံရေလသည္။

ေကာ့ႏွတ္ဘုရား၀င္း အေရွ႕ေျမာက္ေထာင့္၌ ေဟာင္းႏြမ္းယိုယြင္းေနေသာ ႐ုပ္ ပြားေတာ္ေလးဆူ တည္ရွိေနသည္။ တစ္ေန႔တြင္ လယ္သူမ မမိဗ်ဳသည္ ေကာ့ ႏွတ္ရြာတြင္းမွ လယ္ေတာသုိ႔အသြား ထုိ႐ုပ္ပြားေတာ္ေလးဆူ တည္ရွိရာေနရာသို႔ ျဖတ္သြားစဥ္ ႐ုပ္ပြားေတာ္ေလးဆူအား ၀င္ဖူး၍ အဓိ႒ာန္ျပဳ ဆုေတာင္းေလ သည္။ "တပည့္ေတာ္မသည္ ဆင္းရဲသူတစ္ဦး ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ တပည့္ေတာ္မသည္ ခ်မ္းသာခဲ့ေသာ္ မြန္ျမတ္ေသာ ေစတီတစ္ဆူ တည္ေဆာက္လွဴဒါန္းပါမည္ဘုရား" အဓိ႒ာန္ျပဳ၏။
ထုိသုိ႔ ဆုေတာင္းၿပီးေနာက္ မၾကာမီေသာ ကာလတြင္ပင္ သူေ႒းႀကီးမုဆုိးဖုိ ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ ထုိလယ္သူမအား မိမိ၏ စတုတၳေျမာက္ ဇနီးအျဖစ္ လက္ ထပ္ ထိမ္းျမားလုိက္ေလ သည္။

မိဗ်ဳသည္ သူေ႒းႀကီး ဦးနာေအာက္၏ ဇနီးအျဖစ္သုိ႔ ေရာက္သြားေသာအ ခါတြင္ သူမဆုေတာင္းခဲ့သည့္အတုိင္း ႐ုပ္ပြားေတာ္ ေလးဆူေနရာတြင္ ေစတီတစ္ဆူ တည္ၿပီး ဆုေတာင္းျပည့္ေစတီဟု ေခၚတြင္ေစေလသည္။

ထုိေစတီသည္ ယေန႔တုိင္ေအာင္ ဆုေတာင္းျပည့္ေစတီဟု ေခၚတြင္ၿပီး တင့္ တယ္စြာ ဖူးေျမာ္ႏုိင္ပါသည္။

ေကာင္းမႈကုသုိလ္တုိ႔မည္သည္ အက်ိဳးေပးလၽွင္ မေႏွးအျမန္ အက်ိဳးခံစားရ သည္ မဟုတ္ပါေလာ။

ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ ဆင္းရဲသားဘ၀မွ ခ်မ္းသာလာသူပီပီ ဘ၀တူဆင္းရဲသား မ်ားအား ကူညီေလ့ရွိ၏။ မိမိက့ဲသို႔ ခ်မ္းသာလာႏုိင္ေအာင္ ထာ၀ရ ဂ႐ုဏာေရွ႕ ထားၿပီး ေထာက္ပ့ံျခင္း၊ သြန္သင္ဆံုးမျခင္းႏွင့္ ခ်ီးျမႇင့္ေျမႇာက္စားျခင္းတုိ႔ကုိ အစဥ္ တစိုက္ျပဳလုပ္သည္။ တစ္လလၽွင္ ေငြဒဂၤါး၂၀ ရေသာ အလုပ္သမားတစ္ ေယာက္သည္ လတုိင္းလတုိင္းမထုတ္ဘဲ တစ္ႏွစ္ျပည့္မွ ေငြဒဂၤါး ၂၄၀ ထုတ္ယူ လၽွင္ အထူးခ်ီးျမႇင့္ေငြအျဖစ္ ေငြဒဂၤါး ၅၀၀ ထပ္ေဆာင္းေပး ႐ုံတြင္မက အ၀တ္ အစား မ်ားပါ ေထာက္ပံ့ေလသည္။

အလုပ္သမားတုိ႔အား မိမိတုိ႔၏ ေခၽြးႏွဲစာတုိ႔ကုိ စုေဆာင္းတတ္ေစျခင္းႏွင့္ ဘ၀တုိး တက္ေရး အတြက္ အခ်ိန္ပုိလုပ္အားေပးျခင္းကုိ အားေပးသည့္ သေဘာပင္။

ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ဦးနာေအာက္၏ အလုပ္သမားမ်ားသည္ သူ၏ေနာက္ကြယ္တြင္ မည္ သူမၽွ ခုိးယူသံုးစြဲ အလြဲသံုးစားမႈ မျပဳလုပ္ၾကေခ်။ ထုိေၾကာင့္လည္း သူ၏စီးပြား ဥစၥာသည္ ဒီေရအလား တုိးတက္လာ၏။ ကလြီ၊ ဒရယ္၊ သဲကုန္း၊ က်ံဳေတာ္၌ လည္းေကာင္း၊ ဟံသာ၀တီ ပဲခူး ဘက္၌ လည္းေကာင္း၊ ခရမ္းသံုးခြ တုိ႔၌လည္း ေကာင္း၊ သံလြင္ျမစ္တစ္ေလၽွာက္ လက္ပံေတာ၊ ေမွာ္ဘီ၊ ထံုးအုိင္ဘက္ ၌လည္း ေကာင္း၊ ဂ်ိဳင္းျမစ္ဘက္ ကရနာ၊ ေကာ့တက္၊ ေကာ့ဘိန္း၊ ေကာ့ကမု၊ ဇာသျပင္၊ ဂ်ိဳင္း၊ သရက္ေတာ၊ ဂႏၶီတုိင္ေအာင္ တုိ႔၌လည္းေကာင္း၊ က်ိဳက္မေရာ၊ အတၳရံျမစ္ ကမ္းရွိ ရြာတုိ႔၌လည္းေကာင္း စပါးမ်ား ၀ယ္ယူေလေတာ့သည္။

ဦးငယ္သည္ အျခားပြဲစားမ်ားထက္ ေငြႏွစ္က်ပ္ သံုးက်ပ္ အပုိေပးျခင္းျဖင့္ စပါးကုိ အလြယ္တကူ ၀ယ္ယူရရွိေလသည္။ ထုိ႔ျပင္ လယ္သမားတုိင္းရင္းသားမ်ားႏွင့္ ရင္းရင္းႏွီးႏွီး ေနထုိင္ဆက္ဆံသြားမႈေၾကာင့္ ႏုိင္ငံျခားပြဲစားမ်ားထက္ အခြင့္အ ေရးရကာ မၾကာမီအတြင္း၌ စပါးတင္းေပါင္း ၂၅၀၀၀၀ အထိ ၀ယ္ယူရရွိသည္။

၀ယ္ယူရရွိေသာ စပါးမ်ားကုိ တုန္ကင္း၊ ေလွမ်ားျဖင့္ တင္ၿပီး "ေအာင္ေခမာ"၊ "ေအာင္ပန္း" တစ္ထပ္သေဘၤာမ်ားျဖင့္ဆြဲကာ ေအာင္ေမာင္းႀကီးမ်ားကုိ တီးခတ္ ၍ ေမာင္းတဒူဒူႏွင့္ အသံေပးၿပီး ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္သုိ႔ သယ္ေဆာင္သြားေလသည္။ ဦးငယ္သည္ ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္တြင္ စပါးသြင္းၿပီးေနာက္ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာသုိ႔ ျပန္လာခဲ့ေလ သည္။

ဦးငယ္သည္ မိမိအေနျဖင့္ သူမ်ားထက္ ေငြပုိေပးၿပီး ၀ယ္သည္ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ ေငြဒဂၤါး ၈၀၀ မၽွ စာရင္းကြာျခား ေလ်ာ့နည္းသည္ကုိ ဦးနာေအာက္ ဆူပူေတာ့ မည္ဟု ယူဆထားေသာ္လည္း ဦးနာေအာက္က "ငါအရင္းရယင္ၿပီးတာပဲ၊ အ ျမတ္မရယင္ ေနပါေစ၊ တုိ႔တုိင္းရင္းသားေတြ မနစ္နာယင္ ၿပီးတာပဲ" ဟု ေျပာ ရင္း တဒုန္းဒုန္းႏွင့္ ေထာင္းေနေသာ ကြမ္းဆံမွ ကြမ္းကုိယူစားၿပီး ဦးငယ္အား လူယံုေတာ္ စာေရးႀကီး ဦးဘုိးခင္ထံ စားရင္းရွင္းၿပီး ပြဲခထုတ္ယူရန္ ေစလႊတ္ လုိက္ေလသည္။

စာေရးႀကီး ဦးဖုိးခင္သည္ စပါးတစ္ရာႏွင့္ ပြဲခ ၂၀ ႏႈန္း စပါး ၂ သိန္းခြဲအတြက္ ပြဲခေငြေပါင္း ၅၀၀၀ က်သင့္ေသာ္လည္း ေမာင္ငယ္စာရင္းအတြက္ ေငြ ၈၀၀ ေလ်ာ့ေနသည္အတြက္ စာရင္းစာအုပ္ကုိကုိင္ၿပီး ဦးနာေအာက္ထံသြား၍ ေလ်ာ့ ေနသည့္ေငြအတြက္ ႏႈတ္ယူရမည္၊ မႏႈတ္ယူရမည္ကုိ သိလုိ၍ သြားေမးေလ၏။

ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ စာရင္းစာအုပ္ကုိယူၿပီး ၾကည့္ရာတြင္ စာရင္းေဟာင္းတြင္ ယခင္က ပြဲစားတစ္ေယာက္သည္ စပါးတင္း ၉၀၀၀၀ ၀ယ္ရာ၌ ေငြ ၁၄၀၀ ေလ်ာ့ ၍ လည္းေကာင္း၊ ေနာက္ပြဲစားတစ္ေယာက္သည္ စပါးတင္းေပါင္း ၆၀၀၀၀ ၀ယ္ရာ၌ ေငြ ၈၀၀ ေလ်ာ့၍လည္းေကာင္း၊ က်န္ပြဲစားတစ္ဦးသည္ စပါးတင္း ေပါင္း ၃၀၈၀၀ ၀ယ္ယူရာတြင္ ေငြေပါင္း ၈၀၀ ေလ်ာ့၍လည္းေကာင္း ေတ‎ြ႕ရွိ ေသာအခါတြင္ ပြဲစားသံုးေယာက္၀ယ္ေသာ စပါးစုစုေပါင္း တင္း ၁၈၀၀၀၀ တြင္ ေလ်ာ့ေငြေပါင္းက က်ပ္ ၃၀၀၀။ ေမာင္ငယ္၀ယ္သည့္စပါးက တင္းေပါင္း ၂၅၀၀၀၀၊ ေငြေလ်ာ့သည္က ၈၀၀၊ စပါးတင္း ဆယ္တင္းတြင္ ဆယ္ျပားေလာက္ ေလ်ာ့သည့္သေဘာ မွတ္ခ်က္ေတြ႕ရွိသျဖင့္ ခ်ီးျမႇင့္သည့္အေနႏွင့္ ေလ်ာ့ေငြကုိ ပြဲခမွ မႏုတ္သည့္အျပင္ ေနာက္ထပ္ေငြ ၁၀၀၀ က်ပ္ ထပ္ေဆာင္းေပးလုိက္ သည္။

ဤတြင္ ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ ခ်ီးျမႇင့္ထုိက္သူအား ခ်ီးျမႇင့္ၿပီး ဆံုးမသင့္သူကို လည္း ဆံုးမတတ္ေၾကာင္း ျပသလုိက္ျခင္း ျဖစ္၏။

ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ ေငြတုိးခ်လုပ္ငန္းကုိလည္း လုပ္ကုိင္သည္။ ခ်စ္တီးကုလား ထံ လယ္သမားမ်ား အဆမတန္ေသာ အတုိးျဖင့္ ေငြေခ်းရသည္ကုိ မိမိသည္ လည္း လယ္သမားဘ၀မွ တက္လာသူ ျဖစ္သည္ႏွင့္အညီ ေတြ႕ျမင္ရသည့္ အ တြက္ ခ်စ္တီးကုလားကုိ ျပန္တုိက္သည့္သေဘာျဖင့္ အတုိးႏႈန္းသက္သက္ သာ သာျဖင့္ လယ္သမားမ်ားအား ေငြေခ်း၏။ လယ္ယာလုပ္ငန္းကုိလည္း တုိးခ်ဲ႕ သည္။ ၎၏ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားတြင္ တုိင္းရင္းသားမ်ားကုိသာ လုပ္ကုိင္ေစေလသည္။

မီးသေဘၤာသူေ႒း ျဖစ္လာျခင္း
ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ အဂၤလန္ႏုိင္ငံ စေကာ့တလန္ျပည္၊ ဂလာစဂုိၿမိဳ႕ရွိ မကၠီအင္ ဘကၠစတာ ကုမၸဏီထံမွ သေဘၤာမ်ားႏွင့္ စက္ပစၥည္းမ်ားကုိ ဦးေရႊေလး အား ေစ လႊတ္၍ မွာၾကား၀ယ္ယူေလသည္။

သေဘၤာလြန္းတင္ရန္အတြက္ သေဘၤာက်င္းကုိ မုတၱမၿမိဳ႕၊ ဆီဆံုရပ္၌ တည္ ေဆာက္ေလသည္။

ထုိသေဘၤာက်င္းသည္ သကၠရာဇ္ ၁၂၆၂ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ တည္ေဆာက္ၿပီးစီးၿပီး ကုန္ က်စရိတ္မွာ တစ္သိန္းေက်ာ္ျဖစ္သည္။
ဦးနာေအာက္ ပုိင္ဆုိင္ေသာ သေဘၤာမ်ားမွာ (၁) ေအာင္စၾကၤာ၊ (၁) ေအာင္ မဂၤလာ၊ (၃) ေအာင္တပ္၊ (၄) ေအာင္သိန္း၊ (၅) ေအာင္ဒီပါ၊ (၆) ေအာင္ သီတာ၊ (၇) ေအာင္မဂၤလာျဖစ္ၿပီး ႏွစ္ထပ္သေဘၤာမ်ား ျဖစ္သည္။ တစ္ထပ္သေဘၤာ မ်ား မွာ (၁) ေအာင္ေဇယ်ႏွင့္ (၂) ေအာင္နိဗၺာန္ဟုေခၚေသာ္လည္း ေနာင္တြင္ ေအာင္ေခမာႏွင့္ ေအာင္ပန္းဟူ၍ အသီးသီးေျပာင္းလဲ ေခၚတြင္ေစ ခဲ့သည္။

ဦးနာေအာက္ပုိင္ မီးသေဘၤာတုိ႔သည္ ကုိးစီးျဖစ္ကာ ႏွစ္ထပ္မီးသေဘၤာ၏ က် သင့္ေငြသည္ တစ္စီးလၽွင္ က်ပ္ ၆၀၀၀၀ ျဖစ္ၿပီး တစ္ထပ္မီးသေဘၤာ၏ က်သင့္ ေငြသည္ တစ္စီးလၽွင္ က်ပ္ ၃၅၀၀၀ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။

သေဘၤာမ်ား၏ ကုိယ္ထည္ႏွင့္ အမုိးမ်ားကုိ ငွက္ေပ်ာၫြန္႕အေရာင္ ေဆးခ်ယ္ ထားၿပီး သေဘၤာ၏ ေျပာင္းတုိင္မ်ားကုိ အညဳိေရာင္ အခံထား၍ အျဖဴေရာင္ျဖင့္ ရစ္ပတ္ထား ေလသည္။ သေဘၤာသားအားလံုးတုိ႔သည္ တုိင္းရင္းသားမ်ားသာ ျဖစ္ ေလသည္။ ထုိသေဘၤာမ်ားသည္ သံလြင္ျမစ္၊ ဂ်ိဳင္းျမစ္ႏွင့္ အတၳရံျမစ္မ်ား တြင္ ေျပးဆြဲ၏။

သေဘၤာခမ်ားကုိ အဂၤလိပ္ပုိင္ ဧရာ၀တီကုမၸဏီက သေဘၤာခမ်ားထက္ ေလၽွာ့ေပါ့ ေစၿပီး ဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီး၊ ရွင္သာမေဏ၊ သီလရွင္၊ လူအုိႏွင့္ ကေလးငယ္မ်ားအား အခမယူပဲ နိဗၺာန္ ကူးတုိ႔အျဖစ္ သတ္မွတ္၏။
ထုိ႔ျပင္ ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ ႏွစ္စဥ္ႏွစ္တုိင္း သီတင္းကၽြတ္လဆုတ္ (၃) ရက္ေန႔ မွစ၍ ေအာင္နိဗၺာန္ တစ္ထပ္သေဘၤာေပၚတြင္ ကုနိသကၤန္းႏွင့္ လႉဖြယ္၀တၳဳမ်ား တင္ေဆာင္ၿပီး သံလြင္ျမစ္၊ ဂ်ိဳင္းျမစ္ႏွင့္ အတၳရံျမစ္မ်ားတုိ႔၏ ၀ဲယာရွိ ေက်ာင္း မ်ားႏွင့္ ဘီလူးကၽြန္းဘက္ရွိ ေက်ာင္းမ်ားတြင္ တန္ေဆာင္မုန္း လျပည့္ေန႔အထိ ကထိန္အလႉမ်ားအျဖစ္ သြားေရာက္ လႉဒါန္းေလ၏။ ယင္းအျပင္ နိဗၺာန္ကူးတုိ႔အ ျဖစ္ သတ္မွတ္လႉဒါန္းထားေသာ အလႉဒါနအတြက္လည္း တစ္ခါႏွစ္ခါ ေရစက္ခ် အမၽွေပးေ၀ေလ့ရွိသည္။

ထုိသို႔ ရြာစဥ္ေလၽွာက္ၿပီး တစ္လပတ္လံုး ကထိန္အလႉကုိ လႉဒါန္းသည့္ အ တြက္ ထုိေဒသတြင္ "ကထိန္လႉဒါန္းျခင္းအစ ဦးနာေအာက္က" ဟု ယခုတုိင္ ေျပာစ မွတ္ျပဳၾကေလသည္။

ဧရာ၀တီ သေဘၤာကုမၸဏီႏွင့္ တုိက္ပြဲ

ျပည္တြင္းေရေၾကာင္း သယ္ယူပုိ႔ေဆာင္ေရးလုပ္ငန္းကုိ လက္၀ါးႀကီးအုပ္ထား ေသာ အဂၤလိပ္နယ္ခ်ဲ႕အရင္းရွင္ပုိင္ ဧရာ၀တီကုမၸဏီႀကီးသည္ သူ၏စီးပြားေရး ကြက္ထဲသုိ႔ ၀င္ေရာက္လာေသာ တိုင္းရင္းသားအရင္းရွင္ ဦးနာေအာက္ပုိင္ သေဘၤာမ်ားကုိ မလုိလားမႏွစ္သက္ေခ်။

ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ဦးနာေအာက္သေဘၤာက တစ္က်ပ္ႏႈန္းယူလၽွင္ ဧရာ၀တီကုမၸဏီက တစ္၀က္ေလၽွာ့ကာ ငါးမူး (၅၀ ျပား)ႏႈန္း ယူေလ၏။ ဦးနာေအာက္က တစ္မတ္ (၂၅ ျပား) ႏႈန္း ေလၽွာ့လုိက္၏။ ဧရာ၀တီက တစ္မူး (၁၀ ျပား) ဧရာ၀တီက တစ္ ပဲ (၅ ျပား) ေနာက္ဆံုးတြင္ အခမဲ့တင္လာသည့္အထိ တုိက္ပြဲဆင္ လာၾက၏။

ဦးနာေအာက္၏ သေဘၤာမ်ားဆိပ္ကမ္းတြင္ မဆုိက္ကပ္ႏုိင္ေအာင္ သေဘၤာဆိပ္ ကမ္းမွန္သမၽွ မိမိတုိ႔သေဘၤာမ်ားသာ ဆုိက္ကပ္ခြင့္ရရန္ ဧရာ၀တီသေဘၤာ ကုမၸဏီသည္ အခြန္ေဆာင္၍ ၀ယ္ယူေလသည္။ ဦးနာေအာက္၏ သေဘၤာမ်ား ဆုိက္ကပ္ရန္ သေဘၤာဆိပ္ကမ္း မရွိသျဖင့္ အခက္အခဲေတြ႕ရေလ၏။ ထုိအခါ ဘုရင္ခံ၏ အတုိင္ပင္ခံအဖြဲ႕၀င္လည္းျဖစ္ ကတုိးရြာရွိ တုိင္တစ္လုံးအိမ္ပုိင္ရွင္ လည္းျဖစ္ေသာ ဦးေရႊေလးက ဧရာ၀တီကုမၸဏီသည္ ဆိပ္ကမ္းကုိ အခြန္ေဆာင္ ၍ ကုမၸဏီပုိင္ျဖစ္ေအာင္ လုပ္ႏုိင္သကဲ့သို႔ ျမစ္ေခ်ာင္းအားလုံးကုိ ဦးနာေအာက္ ပုိင္ျဖစ္ေအာင္ အၾကံေပးသျဖင့္ သူ၏အၾကံေပးခ်က္အရ ျမစ္ေခ်ာင္းအားလံုးကုိ အခြန္ေဆာင္လုိက္ေသာေၾကာင့္ ဧရာ၀တီကုမၸဏီမွ သေဘၤာမ်ားသည္ ျမစ္ ေခ်ာင္းတုိ႔တြင္ ေျပးဆြဲႏုိင္ျခင္း မရွိေတာ့ေခ်။ ဧရာ၀တီက ဆိပ္ကမ္းမ်ား ပုိင္ၿပီး ဦးနာေအာက္က ျမစ္ေခ်ာင္းမ်ားပုိင္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ခရီးသည္မ်ားသြား လာေရး ခက္ခဲလာေတာ့၏။ တရား႐ုံးသုိ႔ ေရာက္သြားၾက၏။ တရား႐ုံးမွ ဆံုးျဖတ္လုိက္ သည္မွာ ဧရာ၀တီသေဘၤာသည္ ခရီးတစ္ခုခုအတြက္ ဆိပ္ကမ္းမွ ဦးနာေအာက္ သေဘၤာထက္အခ်ိန္ေစာစြာ ထြက္ေစၿပီး ဦးနာေအာက္ သေဘၤာထက္ဦးစြာ ဆုိက္ေရာက္ရမည္ဟု ဆုိ၏။

တုိင္းရင္းသားအရင္းရွင္ ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ နယ္ခ်ဲ႕အရင္းရွင္ကုိ မီးသေဘၤာ သယ္ယူပုိ႔ေဆာင္ေရးအတြက္ ယွဥ္ၿပိဳင္သတၱိျပလုိက္သည္မွာ ေမာ္ကြန္းတင္ သြားေလေတာ့၏။

ဘ၀ကုိမေမ့ေသာ ဦးနာေအာက္

ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ ဆင္းရဲသားဘ၀မွ လာသည္ႏွင့္အညီ မိမိဘ၀ကုိ မည္သည့္ အခါမွ မေမ့ေခ်။ အစားအေသာက္၌လည္း ေၾကးမမ်ားေခ်။ ေတာအစားအစာ မ်ားသာ ႏွစ္သက္စားေသာက္ၿပီး ကြမ္းကုိတဒုန္းဒုန္းႏွင့္ ေထာင္း၍ အၿမဲတမ္း စားေလ့ရွိ၏။

နာမည္ႀကီးေသာ ဦးနာေအာက္အား ေတြ႕လုိ၍ တစ္ေန႕တြင္ အဂၤလန္ ဘိလပ္မွ အဂၤလိပ္လူမ်ိဳးတစ္ဦးသည္ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာသုိ႔ ေရာက္လာ၏။ ခမ္းခမ္းနားနား ႀကီး ႀကီးက်ယ္က်ယ္၊ အေႁခြအရံႏွင့္ ေတြ႕ရေတာ့မည္ဟု ထင္မွတ္ခဲ့ေသာ္လည္း အ၀တ္ျဖဴ၀တ္ကာ ႏွီးဖ်ာေနေသာ ဦးနာေအာက္အား ေတြ႕ရေသာအခါ အထင္ ႏွင့္အျမင္ လြဲမွားခဲ့ေလသည္။

ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ လယ္သမားဘ၀ကုိ မေမ့သည့္အေလၽွာက္ လယ္ယာႏွင့္ ကုိင္းလုပ္ငန္းမ်ားကုိ အားေပးမႈျပဳ၏။ အခ်ိန္ရတုိင္း ႏွီးဖ်ာ၊ ပလုိင္း၊ ေတာင္း မ်ား ရက္လုပ္ေနတတ္ၿပီး ကၽြမ္းကၽြမ္းက်င္က်င္လည္း ရွိလွ၏။ ရတနာသံုးပါးကုိ ကိုင္း ႐ႈိင္းသူျဖစ္သည့္အေလၽွာက္ ရြာရွိေက်ာင္းကန္ဘုရားသို႔ နံနက္တစ္ေခါက္၊ ညေနတစ္ေခါက္ မွန္မွန္သြားၿပီး ၀တ္ျပဳေလ့ ရွိ၏။

တစ္ေန႔တြင္ ဘုရားေက်ာင္း၀င္းတြင္ ဘုရားရွိခုိး ၀တ္ျပဳစဥ္ ဓါးျပသံုးေယာက္တုိ႔ သည္ ဦးနာေအာက္အား မိမိတုိ႔သည္ စားစရာမရွိ၍ တစ္ေယာက္လၽွင္ ၅၀၀ က်ပ္ ႏႈန္းျဖင့္ ၁၅၀၀ က်ပ္ ေတာင္းခံဓါးျပတုိက္ေလသည္။ ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ တုန္ လႈပ္မႈမရွိဘဲ ၎တုိ႔သည္ တကယ္စားစရာမရွိ၍ ဓါးျပတုိက္သည္ကုိ အျဖစ္မွန္ သိသည့္အတြက္ ဓါးျပတုိက္သည္ကုိ အျဖစ္မွန္သိသည့္အတြက္ ဓါးျပတုိ႔ကို အ ေစာင့္ခုိင္းထားၿပီး အိမ္သို႔ျပန္၍ ေငြ ၁၅၀၀ ယူကာ ဓါးျပတုိ႔အား ေပးကမ္းလိုက္ ေလသည္။ အလႉတစ္ခု ျပဳလုပ္လုိက္သည့္ သေဘာပင္။

ေကာင္းမႈကုသိုလ္ ျပဳျခင္း

ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ မိမိ၏ဘ၀ကံအက်ိဳးေပး၍ ခ်မ္းသာလာသည္ကုိ လက္ေတြ႕ ယုံၾကည္သူျဖစ္၍ ေကာင္းမႈကုသိုလ္ျပဳလုပ္ရာတြင္ သူမတူေအာင္ သမုိင္းတြင္ ရစ္ေအာင္ လႉဒါန္းသြားသည္ကုိ ယေန႔တုိင္ ျမင္ေတြ႕ရေလသည္။ ထုိသို႔ လႉဒါန္း ႏုိင္ရန္လည္း ဦးနာေအာက္ အတြက္ ………
(၁) သင့္တင့္ေလၽွာက္ပတ္ရာ ေနရာအရပ္၌ လူျဖစ္ျခင္း။
(၂) ေရွးက ျပဳဖူးေသာ ေကာင္းမႈကုသိုလ္ အက်ိဳးေပးျခင္း။
(၃) သူေတာ္ေကာင္းကုိ မွီ၀ဲျခင္း။
(၄) မိမိကုိယ္ကို ေကာင္းေအာင္ တည္ေဆာက္ႏုိင္ျခင္း တည္းဟူေသာ သမၸတၱိ ေလးပါးႏွင့္ လည္း ျပည့္စုံခဲ့ေလသည္။

အထက္ပါသမၸတၱိေလးပါးႏွင့္ ျပည့္စံုေသာ ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ ၁၂၄၀ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ မႏၱေလး မဟာ၀ိသုဒၶါ႐ုံေက်ာင္းတုိက္၌ ပရိယတၱိစာေပမ်ားကုိ ေလ့လာသင္ၾကား ေနၾကေသာ မြန္ဆရာေတာ္ ဦးပညာဓမၼကုိ ေကာ့ႏွတ္႐ြာတြင္ ပရိယတၱိစာသင္ တုိက္ ဖြင့္လွစ္ရန္ မႏၱေလးမွ ေကာ့ႏွတ္႐ြာသုိ႔ ပင့္လာေလသည္။ ဦးပညာ ဓမၼေခၚ ဦးပၪၨင္းမုိးသည္ ပရိယတၱိစာေပအျပင္ ေခတ္ပညာျဖစ္ေသာ အဂၤလိပ္-ျမန္မာ၊ သကၠတ စေသာ စာေပမ်ားကုိလည္း တတ္ေျမာက္သူ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ဦးပညာ ဓမၼသည္ မႏၱေလးၿမိဳ႕တြင္ ၁၂၃၇ ခုႏွစ္မွ ၁၂၄၀ ခုႏွစ္အထိ ပရိယတၱိစာေပမ်ား ကုိ သင္ၾကားခဲ့သည္။

ဦးပညာဓမၼသည္ မင္းတုန္မင္း၏ မိတ္ေဆြ ေရႊတိဂုံရင္ျပင္ေပၚရွိ ေနာင္ေတာ္ႀကီး ေစတီေတာ္၏ ထီးေတာ္ ဒါယကာ ေနမ်ိဳးရာဇာ သခၤရာဘြဲ႕ခံ ဦးမြန္ေထာ္၏ ေယာက္ဖ (မိန္းမ၏ေမာင္) ေတာ္သူ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ ဦးပညာဓမၼကုိ ဦးေထာာ္အာ- ေဒၚခမနား၊ ဦးထြန္းေက်ာ္- ေဒၚမိေထာ္၊ ဦးနာေအာက္- ေဒၚဗ်ဳ ၊ သူေ႒းႀကီး သံုးဦး တုိ႔က ပစၥည္းေလးပါး ဒါယကာခံယူၿပီး ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာသို႔ ပင့္ေဆာင္လာသည္။ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာသုိ႔ ဦးပညာဓမၼ ေရာက္လာသည့္ ၁၂၄၀ ခုႏွစ္သည္ တနသၤာရီ တုိင္းႏွင့္ မြန္ေဒသအားလံုးတြင္ မြန္ပရိယတၱိသာသနာ ဆိတ္သုဥ္းေနသည့္ အ ခ်ိန္အခါျဖစ္သည္။

မြန္ပရိယတၱိသာသနာသည္ ကြယ္ေပ်ာက္ဆိတ္သုဥ္းေနရာမွ ပထမဆံုး မြန္ပရိ ယတၱိသာသနာကုိ စတင္ထူေထာင္ေသာ ေနရာျဖစ္သည္။ ဇာသျပင္ရြာတြင္ မြန္ ပရိယတၱိသာသနာကုိ စတင္ၿပီး အားထုတ္ေနစဥ္ ဦးနာေအာက္ႏွင့္ ဦးေထာ္အာ၊ ဦးထြန္းေက်ာ္တုိ႔က မြန္ပရိယတၱိ သာသနာကုိ အားေပးလုိသျဖင့္ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာ တြင္ စာသင္တုိက္ႀကီး ဖြင့္လုိေသာေၾကာင့္ ဇာသျပင္ေက်ာင္းမွ စာသင္သား အပါး ၆၀ ေက်ာ္ကုိ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာသုိ႔ပင့္ကာ စာသင္တုိက္ကုိ စတင္ထူေထာင္ ေလသည္။ စာသင္တုိက္ စတင္ဖြင့္လွစ္ေသာႏွစ္မွာ ၁၂၄၆ ခုႏွစ္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ဦးပညာဓမၼ ဦးစီးအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေသာ စာသင္တုိက္သုိ႔ မြန္ေဒသအရပ္ရပ္မွ မြန္သံဃာ ေတာ္တုိ႔သည္ ဆရာေတာ္ ဦးပညာဓမၼထံသုိ႔ ခုိလႈံ၍ ပရိယတၱိ၏ ခ်ိဳၿမိန္ေသာ ႏို႔ရည္ကုိ လာေရာက္ေသာက္စို႔ၾကေလေတာ့သည္။
မြန္တုိ႔၏ သာသနာသည္ ………
(က) မဟာသကၠရာဇ္ ၁၀၃ ခုႏွစ္ တဖုႆႏွင့္ ဘလႅိက မြန္ညီေနာင္ႏွစ္ပါးတုိ႔က ေဂါတမ ျမတ္စြာဘုရား၏ ဆံေတာ္ရွစ္ဆူကုိ ရာမညတုိင္းသုိ႔ ပင့္ေဆာင္လာ ျခင္းျဖင့္ သာသနာေတာ္ သည္ မြန္ေဒသသို႔ ပထမေရာက္ရွိလာျခင္း။

(ခ) ေဂါတမျမတ္စြာဘုရား ၀ါေတာ္ရွစ္၀ါရစဥ္ကာလက သု၀ဏၰဘူမိ သထုံျပည္ သုိ႔ ႂကြေရာက္လာၿပီးေနာက္ တရားေရေအးတုိက္ေကၽြးျခင္းႏွင့္ ဆံေတာ္ဓါတ္ မ်ားကို ေပးသနားေတာ္မူသျဖင့္ သာသနာေတာ္သည္ ဒုတိယအႀကိမ္ မြန္ေဒသ သို႔ ဓါတ္ေတာ္မ်ားကုိ ေပးသနားေတာ္မူသျဖင့္ သာသနာေတာ္သည္ ဒုတိယအ ႀကိမ္ မြန္ေဒသသုိ႔ ေရာက္ရွိလာျခင္း။

(ဂ) ျမတ္စြာဘုရား ပရိနိဗၺာန္ျပဳၿပီးေနာက္ သာသနာ သကၠရာဇ္ ၂၃၅ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ေသာဏေထရ္-ဥတၱရေထရ္ႏွင့္ တပည့္သံုးပါးတုိ႔သည္ သု၀ဏၰဘူမိ သထံုျပည္ သုိ႔ ႂကြေရာက္လာၿပီး သာသနာျပဳၾကသျဖင့္ သာသနာေတာ္သည္ တတိယအ ႀကိမ္ မြန္ေဒသသို႔ ေရာက္ရွိလာျခင္း။
(ဃ) သာသနာသကၠရာဇ္ ၉၀၀ ခုႏွစ္ေလာက္တြင္ ရွင္မဟာဗုဒၶေဃာသသည္ သီ ဟုိကၽြန္းသုိ႔ ႂကြေရာက္ၿပီး ပိဋကတ္ေတာ္မ်ားကို မာဂဓဘာသာျဖင့္ ျပန္ဆုိေရး သားကာ သထံုျပည္သုိ႔ ယူေဆာင္လာသျဖင့္ သာသနာေတာ္သည္ စတုတၳအ ႀကိမ္ မြန္ေဒသသုိ႔ ေရာက္ရွိလာျခင္း။
(င) ေကာဇာသကၠရာဇ္ ၈၃၂ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ဟံသာ၀တီ နန္းတက္ေတာ္မူေသာ ဓမၼေစ တီမင္းလက္ထက္တြင္ သာသနာသန္႔ရွင္းေရးခရီးကုိ ေဆာင္ရြက္ၿပီး မြန္ ပရိယတၱိသာသနာ တုိးတက္ျပန္႔ပြားေအာင္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ျခင္းျဖင့္ သာသနာေတာ္ သည္ ပၪၥမအႀကိမ္ ေပၚထြန္း လာျခင္း။
(စ) ေကာဇာသကၠရာဇ္ ၁၂၄၀ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ဦးေထာ္အာ၊ ဦးထြန္းေက်ာ္ႏွင့္ ဦးနာ ေအာက္တုိ႔ ပစၥည္းေလးပါး ဒါယကာခံယူၿပီး ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာတြင္ စာသင္တုိက္ႀကီး စတင္ထူေထာင္သျဖင့္ မြန္ပရိယတၱိသာသနာေတာ္သည္ ဆ႒မအႀကိမ္ ေပၚထြန္း လာသည္ကုိ "သာသနာအစ ေကာ့ႏွတ္က" ဟု ေရွးဆရာေတာ္မ်ား ႏႈတ္ဖ်ား၌ ေျပာဆုိေလ့ရွိၾကသည္။ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ပရိယတၱိစာသင္တုိက္သည္ ယေန႔တုိင္ ရပ္ တည္လၽွက္ရွိေလသည္။
ထုိသုိ႔ သူေတာ္ေကာင္းကုိ မွီ၀ဲရေသာ သမၸတၱိတရားႏွင့္ ေတြ႕ၾကံဳရေသာအခါ ဆင္းရဲသားဘ၀ အရသာကုိ ခံစားခဲ့ဖူးေသာ ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ ဆရာေတာ္ ဦး ပညာဓမၼ၏ ဆံုးမၾသ၀ါဒကုိ ခံယူကာ နံနက္လၽွင္ ၀တ္ျဖဴကုိ ၀တ္ၿပီး ဆြမ္းစား ေက်ာင္းသုိ႔ လာေရာက္ကာ ဆြမ္းဟင္းမ်ားကုိၾကည့္ၿပီး လုိအပ္ပါက အၿမဲျဖည့္ ေပးကာ သံဃာေတာ္မ်ားကုိ ၾကည္ညိဳ၍ ညေနၾကလၽွင္ ေဖ်ာ္ရည္ႏွင့္တကြ ေဆး မ်ားကုိ ယူေဆာင္လၽွက္ သံဃာေတာ္မ်ားကုိ လႉဒါန္းေလ့ရွိသည္။ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ ေက်ာင္းတုိက္သည္ ထုိအခ်ိန္အခါမွစ၍ စာသင္သား သံဃာေတာ္အပါး ၁၅၀-၂၀၀ တုိ႔ျဖင့္ အၿမဲျပည့္လၽွက္ရွိေသာ ေက်ာင္းတုိက္ျဖစ္လာသည္။ ဆရာေတာ္ ဦးပညာဓမၼသည္ ပရိယတၱိစာေပကုိ မြန္ဘာသာျဖင့္ လည္းေကာင္း၊ ျမန္မာဘာ သာျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း သင္ၾကားလုိ္ေသာ စာသင္သား သံဃာေတာ္မ်ားကုိ လက္ ခံသည္။ ျမန္မာဘာသာျဖင့္ သင္ၾကားလုိေသာ သံဃာေတာ္မ်ားအား ေကာ့ႏွတ္ ေက်ာင္းတုိက္ေပၚတြင္ သီတင္းေစၿပီး မြန္ဘာသာျဖင့္ သင္ၾကားလုိေသာ သံဃာ ေတာ္မ်ားအား ေက်ာင္းငယ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာရွိေသာ ဦးနာေအာက္ေက်ာင္းေခၚ ေက်ာင္းမ်ားတြင္ ေနထုိင္ေစကာ ပရိယတၱိစာေပမ်ားကုိ ေလ့လာေစသည္။ တုိက္ ေက်ာင္းႏွင့္ ေအာက္ေက်ာင္းတြင္ ေနထုိင္ေသာ စာသင္သားမ်ားကုိ ဆြမ္းစား ခ်ိန္တြင္ တစ္ေနရာတည္းျဖစ္ေသာ ဆြမ္းစားေက်ာင္းသို႔ တညီတညြတ္စု႐ုံးၾကၿပီး ဆြမ္းစားေစသည္။ ထုိသုိ႔ စည္းကမ္းႀကီးစြာ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေသာ ဆရာေတာ္၏ ဓမၼ စာရိတၱ ဂုဏ္ေက်းဇူးသည္ အရပ္ရွစ္မ်က္ႏွာသုိ႔ ေမႊးႀကိဳင္ ပ်ံ႕ႏွံ႕ခဲ့ေလသည္။
ဘုရား၊ ၀တ္ေက်ာင္း၊ တန္ေဆာင္း ဒါယကာျဖစ္ျခင္း
ဦးနာေအာက္ ေက်ာင္းသုိ႔ ေရာက္လာေသာေန႔တစ္ေန႔တြင္ ဆရာေတာ္ ဦးပညာ ဓမၼသည္ တန္ေဆာင္းျပာသာဒ္ပံုကုိ ေရးဆြဲၿပီး ဤပံုအတုိင္း ေကာ့ႏွတ္ေက်ာင္း ၀င္းအတြင္း တစ္ေနရာတြင္ ေဆာက္လုပ္လႉဒါန္းလၽွင္ ေကာင္းမည္ဟု အၾကံေပး သျဖင့္ ဦးနာေအာက္သည္ "ဪ…….. ငါလာတုန္းက လက္ဗလာႀကီး၊ ျပန္ လၽွင္ အခ်ည္းအႏွီးမျဖစ္ရေလေအာင္ ေကာင္းမႈမွတ္တုိင္ စိုက္ထူမည္" ဟု စိတ္ ပုိင္းျဖတ္ကာ လက္အုပ္ခ်ီမုိးကာ ဆရာေတာ္ေျခရင္း၌ ဦးခုိက္ေလၽွာက္ထားသည္ မွာ " ဆရာေတာ္ အရွင္ျမတ္ဘုရား၊ ေလာကီေလာကုတ္အက်ိဳး၊ ပစၥဳပၸန္အက်ိဳးကုိ ေမၽွာ္ကုိးၿပီး ဆရာေတာ္ဘုရား ၫႊန္ၾကားသည့္အတုိင္း အမြန္ျမတ္ဆံုးေသာ စုလစ္မြန္းခၽြန္ႏွင့္တကြေသာ ျပာသာဒ္တန္ေဆာင္း အေဆာက္အအံုအတြက္ တ ပည့္ေတာ္ စြန္႔လႊတ္လႉဒါန္းပါမည္ဘုရား" ဟု ေလၽွာက္တင္ေလသည္။
ဆရာေတာ္လည္း ဦးနာေအာက္အား " ဒကာေတာ္၏ လုိအင္ဆႏၵကုိ ၿပီးျပည့္၀ ေစမည္" ဟု ေျပာၾကားၿပီး မႏၱေလးေနျပည္ေတာ္ရွိ အရည္အခ်င္းႏွင့္ ျပည့္စံု ေသာပန္းခ်ီ၊ ပန္းပု စေသာ ပညာရွင္မ်ားကုိေခၚကာ ႏွစ္က်ိပ္ရွစ္ဆူ ၀တ္တန္ ေဆာင္းကုိ ေဆာက္လုပ္ေစသည္။ ထုိ၀တ္တန္ေဆာင္းကုိ ဘံု ၁၂ ဆင့္ ျပာသာဒ္ အေဆာင္ျဖင့္ တည္ေဆာက္ထား သည္။ ကႏုတ္ပန္းႏွင့္ မွန္စီေရႊခ် လက္ရာ မ်ားမွာ ပထမတန္းျဖစ္သည္။ အတြင္းပုိင္း နံရံမ်ားတြင္ ပန္းခ်ီကားမ်ားအစား ႐ုပ္လုပ္၊ ႐ုပ္ႂကြ ပန္းပု႐ုပ္မ်ားျဖင့္ ေဂါတမျမတ္စြာဘုရား ပဋိသေႏၶယူခန္းမွစ၍ ပရိနိဗၺာန္စံေတာ္မူခန္း ဓါတ္ေတာ္၊ ေမြေတာ္ေ၀ခန္းတုိင္ ဗုဒၶ၀င္ဇာတ္ လမ္းခင္း ထားသည္။ အတြင္းပုိင္းနံရံတြင္လည္း ႐ုပ္လံုး၊ ႐ုပ္ႂကြ ပန္းပုလက္ရာမ်ားျဖင့္ မႏူ ဟာမင္း၊ အေနာ္ရထာမင္းႏွင့္ က်န္စစ္သားမင္းတုိ႔၏ အတၳဳပၸတၱိမ်ားကုိ ထုလုပ္ ထားသည္။ ထိုတန္ေဆာင္းကုိ ၁၂၆၄ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ေရစက္ခ် လႉဒါန္းခဲ့သည္။ ယင္းေနာက္ ဘံု ၁၂ ဆင့္ ဒီပကၤရာ ၀တ္တန္ေဆာင္းကုိ တည္ေဆာက္လႉဒါန္း ျပန္ေလသည္။ ထုိ၀တ္တန္ေဆာင္းတြင္ ပင္စည္တစ္ခုတည္း တစ္သားတည္းမွ ရေသာ ကၽြန္းသားျဖင့္ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရပ္ေတာ္မူ ဆင္းတုႏွစ္ဆူ ထုလုပ္ထား သည္။ အျမင့္ေပ ၂၀၊ ေျမစိုက္ ၂၀ ေပ၊ စုစုေပါင္း ေပ ၄၀ ရွည္ သည္။ အတြင္းနံရံမ်ားတြင္လည္း ႐ုပ္လံုး႐ုပ္ႂကြ ပန္းပုလက္ရာမ်ားျဖင့္ ဇာတ္နိပါတ္ေတာ္ မ်ားကုိ ထုလုပ္ထားသည္။ အျပင္နံရံမ်ားတြင္ မေဟာသဓာဇာတ္ေတာ္ကုိ ပန္းခ်ီျဖင့္ ေရးဆြဲထားသည္။ ၀တ္တန္ေဆာင္းတြင္ ေက်ာက္သားျဖင့္ထုလုပ္ ထားေသာ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားေျခေတာ္ရာ ရပ္ေတာ္မူႏွစ္ဆူအား ပူေဇာ္ကန္ေတာ့ေန ေသာ သစ္လံုးျဖင့္ထုလုပ္ထားေသာ ရဟန္းေတာ္႐ုပ္ႏွင့္ ရဟႏၱာ႐ုပ္မ်ားကုိ ေတြ႕ ျမင္ႏုိင္ပါသည္။ ယင္း၀တ္တန္ေဆာင္းကုိ ၁၂၆၅ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ေရစက္ခ်ႏုိင္ခဲ့ေလ သည္။ ထုိ႔ေနာက္ ၁၂၆၇ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ရဟန္းသံဃာေတာ္မ်ား ဥပုသ္ေစာင့္တည္ ႏုိင္ရန္အတြက္ မဟာ၀ိဇယသိမ္ေတာ္ႀကီးကုိလည္း တည္ေဆာက္လႉဒါန္းေလ သည္။
သိမ္ေတာ္ႀကီး၏ ၾကမ္းခင္း၊ နံရံမ်ား၊ မ်က္ႏွာၾကက္တံခါးတုိင္ စသည္တုိ႔ကုိ အ ေကာင္းဆံုး ကၽြန္းသားမ်ားျဖင့္ ျပဳလုပ္ထားသျဖင့္ ယခုတုိင္ေအာင္ သစ္သားမ်ား မွာ ေကာင္းမြန္တုန္းပင္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။
ဇနီးေဒၚဂ်ာဥႏွင့္အတူ ေရစက္ခ်လႉဒါန္းခဲ့ေသာ ေစတီႀကီးကုိလည္း အထူး ထပ္မံ တည္ေဆာက္လႉဒါန္းၿပီး ႏွစ္စဥ္တန္ခူးလ သၾကၤန္ရက္မ်ားအားတြင္ ဇာတ္ပြဲ၊ ေလွပြဲ၊ လက္ ေ၀ွ႕ပြဲႏွင့္ ကပြဲမ်ိဳးစံုတုိ႔ျဖင့္ (၇) ရက္၊ (၇) ညတုိင္တုိင္ ဘုရားပြဲကုိ က်င္းပေလသည္။ ဘုရားပြဲက်င္းပသည့္ေန႔မ်ားတြင္ ရပ္ေ၀းမွလာ သည့္ ဧည့္သည္မ်ားအား ေကၽြးေမြးရန္ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာရွိ ဆင္းရဲသားအိမ္မ်ားတြင္ ဆန္ႏွင့္စားစရာရိကၡာမ်ားကုိ ေထာက္ပံ့ေပးေ၀ထားၿပီး ခ်က္ေကြၽးေစသည္။ ဘု ရားပြဲစတုဒိသာမ႑ာပ္တြင္လည္း ဧည့္သည္မ်ားအတြက္ မေလာက္မင မရွိေစ ရန္ တစ္ေန႔လၽွင္ ထမင္းအုိးႀကီး ၅၀ ေက်ာ္မၽွ ခ်က္ျပဳတ္ေကြ်းေမြးေစသည္။
ထုိေနာက္ ဆုေတာင္းျပည့္ေစတီအနီးတြင္ ၀တ္တန္ေဆာင္း တစ္ေဆာင္ကုိ ေဆာက္လုပ္လႉဒါန္းၿပီး တန္ေဆာင္း၏ အမုိးနံရံေပၚတြင္ ဦးနာေအာက္၏ေကာင္း မႈကုသိုုလ္ျဖစ္ေသာ အေဆာက္အအံုမ်ား၏ ႐ုပ္ပံုမ်ားကုိ ပန္းခ်ီေရးဆြဲၿပီး မွတ္ တမ္းတင္ ေစခဲ့သည္။
ပရိယတၱိစာေပမ်ားကုိ ေလ့လာသင္ၾကားေနၾကေသာ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ေက်ာင္းမွ သံ ဃာေတာ္မ်ားႏွင့္ ရွင္သာမေဏမ်ားအတြက္ သၾကၤန္သံုးရက္တြင္ စာျပန္ပြဲက်င္းပ ေစၿပီး က်မ္းအလုိက္ အာဂုံျပန္ႏုိင္သူ ရဟန္းႏွင့္ ရွင္သာမေဏမ်ားအား ေငြဒဂၤါး ဆုမ်ားျဖင့္ အား ေပးေထာက္ပ့ံ လႉဒါန္းျခင္းျပဳေလသည္။
ထုိသုိ႔ေကာင္းမႈျပဳစဥ္ ခ်စ္ဇနီးေဒၚဗ်ဳတစ္ေယာက္သည္ လက္တြဲျဖဳတ္ၿပီး လူ႔စည္း စိမ္ကုိ စြန္႔လႊတ္ကာ ဘ၀တစ္ပါးသုိ႔ ေျပာင္းသြားခဲ့ေလသည္။
ေဒၚဗ်ဳေသဆံုးၿပီးေနာက္ ႐ႈမၿငီးေသာ ပၪၥမေျမာက္ဇနီးျဖစ္သူ ေဒၚၿငိမ္းေမႏွင့္ ဆက္ လက္ျပန္ေလသည္။
ဦးနာေအာက္ ေဆာက္လုပ္လႉဒါန္းခဲ့ေသာ အေဆာက္အအံုမ်ား
(၁) ေမြးရပ္ေကာ့မယ္ခရရြာတ‎ြင္ ေက်ာင္း၊ သိမ္ႏွင့္ ဇရပ္မ်ား။
(၂) ခ႐ုံရြာတြင္ ေက်ာင္းတစ္ေက်ာင္း။
(၃) ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္ေတာင္၀ုိင္းရပ္တြင္ " ပန္းဥယ်ာဥ္ေက်ာင္း" သိမ္ေက်ာင္း ႀကီး။
(၄) ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာစာသင္တုိက္၊ ဆြမ္းစားေဆာင္ႏွင့္ ဘုရားတန္ေဆာင္း။
(၅) အတုမရွိေက်ာင္း၊ ရက္ကန္းစင္ေက်ာင္း (ယခုပ်က္စီး) ။
(၆) ႏွစ္က်ိပ္ရွစ္ဆူ၀တ္တန္ေဆာင္း။
(၇) ဒီပကၤရာ၀တ္တန္ေဆာင္း။
(၈) မဟာ၀ိဇယသိမ္ေတာ္ႀကီး။
(၉) ဆုေတာင္းျပည့္၀တ္တန္ေဆာင္း။
(၁၀) မဟာေစတီႀကီးႏွင့္ ဆုေတာင္းျပည့္ေစတီ။

ဦးနာေအာက္ပုိင္ဆုိင္ေသာ မီးသေဘၤာမ်ား
(၁) ေအာင္ေခမာ (ေအာင္ေဇယ်)
(၂) ေအာင္ပန္း (ေအာင္နိဗၺာန္)
(၃) ေအာင္သိန္း
(၄) ေအာင္တပ္
(၅) ေအာင္စၾကၤာ
(၆) ေအာင္မာလာ
(၇) ေအာင္ဒီပါ
(၈) ေအာင္သီတာ
(၉) ေအာင္မဂၤလာ
သာသနာေတာ္ကုိ အားေပးခ်ီးေျမႇာက္လႉဒါန္းေသာ ဘုရားဒါယကာႀကီး ဦးနာ ေအာက္သည္ မည္သူမၽွမလြန္ဆန္ႏုိင္ေသာ သခၤါရတရားေၾကာင့္ သကၠရာဇ္ ၁၂၇၅ ခုႏွစ္၊ နယုန္လဆုတ္ (၁၂) ရက္၊ မြန္းလြဲ (၁၂) နာရီ (၃၅) မိနစ္အခ်ိန္၊ အသက္ ၈၁ ႏွစ္အရြယ္တြင္ ကြယ္လြန္အနိစၥေရာက္ခဲ့ေလသည္။ ဦးနာေအာက္ ၏ အေလာင္းကုိ (၇) ရက္၊ (၇) ညထားကာ ေန႔စဥ္ လႉဒါန္းေကြၽးေမြးၿပီး (၇) ရက္ျပည့္သည့္ေန႔တြင္ သၿဂၤဳိဟ္လုိက္သည္။ ေနာင္လာေနာက္သားမ်ား ေလ့လာ မွတ္သားႏုိင္ေအာင္ ဦးနာေအာက္၏ ႐ုပ္ပံုကုိ ခရစ္သကၠရာဇ္ ၁၉၂၇ ခုႏွစ္ ေအာက္တုိဘာလ ၁၅ ရက္တြင္ ထုလုပ္ၿပီးစီးခဲ့သည္။ ထုလုပ္ခမွာ က်ပ္ ၅၀၀၀ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ယင္းေက်ာက္႐ုပ္တုေအာက္တြင္ မြန္ဘာသာ၊ ျမန္မာဘာသာ ႏွစ္ဘာသာျဖင့္ "ေကာ့ႏွတ္ရြာေန ေကာင္းမႈပုညရွင္ႀကီးျဖစ္ေသာ သစ္ကုန္သည္၊ ဆန္စက္ပုိင္ရွင္၊ ျမန္မာျပည္ မီးသေဘၤာသူေ႒းႀကီး၊ ဘုရားဒယကာႀကီး ဦးနာ ေအာက္သည္ သကၠရာဇ္ ၁၁၉၄ ခု ၊ ကဆုန္လဆုတ္ ၃ ရက္၊ ၾကာသပ ေတးေန႔တြင္ ေမြးဖြားၿပီး သကၠရာဇ္ ၁၂၇၅ ခုႏွစ္ နယုန္လဆုတ္ ၁၂ ရက္ေန႔၊ ၁၂ နာရီ၊ ၃၅ မိနစ္အခ်ိန္တြင္ ကြယ္လြန္ေလ သည္" ဟု ကမၸည္းထုိးထားေပသည္။
နိဗၺာန္န ပစၥေယာ ေဟာတု ။ ။

ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္၊ ပုသိမ္ဒီဂရီေကာလိပ္ေက်ာင္းအုပ္ေဟာင္း ေဒါက္တာမန္းသက္စံ ကြယ္လြန္

2008-10-18T22:19:00.001+06:30

Tue 14 Oct 2008, ဟြန္းဟေကာင္း
ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္ႏွင့္ ပုသိမ္ဒီဂရီေကာလိပ္ေက်ာင္းအုပ္ေဟာင္းျဖစ္သူ ေဒါက္တာမန္းသက္စံသည္ ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္ ေအာက္တိုဘာလ ၁၀ ရက္ ေသာၾကာေန႔ ညေန ၆ နာရီတြင္ ၎၏ေနအိမ္ မရမ္းကုန္းၿမိဳ႕နယ္ သလႅာ၀တီလမ္း၊ ဦးလြန္းေမာင္လမ္းသြယ္ (၂) ၌ ႏွလံုးေရာဂါအခံျဖင့္ ကြယ္လြန္အနိစၥေရာက္ခဲ့သည္။

က်န္ရစ္ေနသည့္ရုပ္ကလာပ္ကို ေအာက္တိုဘာလ ၁၄ ရက္ေသာၾကာေန႔ ညေန ၄ နာရီတြင္ ေရေ၀းသုႆန္၌ မီးသၿဂိဳဟ္ခဲ့ၿပီး ထိုမီးသၿဂိဳလ္ပြဲတြင္ လာေရာက္ခဲ့ေသာ ေဆြမ်ဳိးမ်ားႏွင့္ မိတ္ေဆြအသိုင္းအ၀ိုင္းမ်ားမွာ စုစုေပါင္း ဦးေရ ငါးရာႏွင့္ ေျခာက္ရာ အၾကားရွိသည္ဟု ကိုယ္ တုိင္သြားေရာက္ခဲ့သူတစ္ဦးကေျပာသည္။

ေဒါက္တာမန္းသက္စံသည္ မြန္ျပည္နယ္ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္ၿမဳိ႕နယ္ ေကာ့ႏွတ္ေက်းရြာရွိ ႏိုင္လြန္း ေမာင္-မိသိန္းတင္တို႔မွ ဖြားျမင္ေသာ ေမာင္ႏွမသံုးဦးအနက္မွ ဒုတိယေျမာက္သားျဖစ္သည္။
ကြယ္လြန္သြားခ်ိန္၌ အသက္ ၇၉ ႏွစ္ရွိၿပီး ယခုအခါ ဇနီးသည္ေဒၚေဌးရီသည္ သမီး ေဒါက္တာမိသီတာစံႏွင့္ သားမင္း၀႑စံတို႔ ႏွင့္အတူ က်န္ရစ္ခဲ့သည္။

ေဒါက္တာမန္းသက္စံသည္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွ B.Sc ၊ M.Sc ႏွင့္ အေမရိကန္ႏုိင္ငံမွ Ph.D ဘြဲ႔ရရွိ ခဲ့ၿပီး ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္ႏွင့္ ပုသိမ္ ဒီဂရီေကာလိပ္တြင္ ေက်ာင္းအုပ္အျဖစ္တာ၀န္ထမ္းေဆာင္ခဲ့သူ ျဖစ္သည္။ မဆလ ေခတ္တြင္ စက္မႈ၀န္ႀကီးဌာန၏ ဒု၀န္ႀကီးအျဖစ္ တာ၀န္ယူခဲ့သူတစ္ဦးလည္း ျဖစ္သည္။

ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္ဒီဂရီေကာလိပ္တြင္ ေက်ာင္းအုပ္အျဖစ္ တာ၀န္ထမ္းေဆာင္ေနစဥ္ကာလ၌ မြန္စာ ေပႏွင့္ယဥ္ေက်းမႈေကာ္မတီ ေက်ာင္းသားမ်ားအဖြဲ႔၏ နာယကအျဖစ္ ထမ္းေဆာင္ခဲ့သည္။ ထို႔ အျပင္ မဆလ ေခတ္၌ အစိုးရက ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္ေကာလိပ္ရွိ မြန္တို႔၏သေကၤတျဖစ္ေသာ ဟသၤာ ရုပ္ႀကီးအား ျဖဳတ္ခ်ခုိင္းသည္ကို အျပင္းအထန္ကန္႔ကြက္ခဲ့၍ ေအာင္ျမင္ခဲ့သည္။

၂၆ ႀကိမ္ေျမာက္ မြန္အမ်ဳိးသားေန႔ကို ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ရွိ သိမ္ျဖဴကြင္းတြင္ က်ယ္က်ယ္ျပန္႔ျပန္႔ က်င္း ပႏိုင္ရန္အတြက္ တက္တက္ႂကြႂကြ ပါ၀င္လႈပ္ရွားခဲ့သူတစ္ဦးလည္းျဖစ္သည္။

႐ုိးဂိုးဆံေတာ္႐ွင္ဘုရား ေရာင္ျခည္ေတာ္ကြန္႕ျမဴးသည္ကို လူရာခ်ီ လာေရာက္ဖူးေမ်ာ္

2008-08-30T16:14:00.002+06:30

႐ုိးဂိုးဆံေတာ္႐ွင္ဘုရား ေရာင္ျခည္ေတာ္ကြန္႕ျမဴးသည္ကို လူရာခ်ီ လာေရာက္ဖူးေမ်ာ္
Sat 30 Aug 2008, လြတ္လပ္ေသာမြန္သတင္းေအဂ်င္စီ

ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ရိုးဂိုးေက်းရြာရွိ ႐ုိးဂိုးဘုရား ေရာင္ျခည္ေတာ္ကြန္႕ျမဴးသည္ကို မြန္ေဒသ အတြင္းရွိ ဘုရားဖူးမ်ား ရာႏွင့့္ခ်ီၿပီး လာေရာက္ဖူးေမၽွာ္ၾကသည္ဟု ေဒသခံမ်ားက ေျပာသည္။

လြန္ခဲ့သည့္ ၾသဂုတ္ ၂၂ ရက္ေန႕တြင္ ေရာင္ျခည္ေတာ္စတင္ကြန္႕ျမဴး၍ ယေန႕တိုင္ ဘုရားဖူး ဧည့္သည္မ်ား ရာႏွင့္ခ်ီကာ စည္ကားစြာ သြားေရာက္ဖူးေမ်ာ္ၾကည္ညိဳၾကသည္။ ဤဆံေတာ္ ရွင္ဘုရားသည္ ႐ုိးဂိုးရြာအဝင္လမ္းဝတြင္ တည္ထားကိုးကြယ္ေတာ္မူသည္။

''လာေရာက္ဖူးေမၽွာ္တဲ့ လူေတြက ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားတယ္၊ ေရာင္ျခည္ေတာ္ေတြက ေရာင္စံု ထြက္တယ္ ညပိုင္းဆိုရင္ ပိုၿပီးေတာ့ထင္ထင္ရွားရွား့ျမင္ရတယ္။ ညသန္းေခါင္ေရာက္ရင္ နဂါး႐ုပ္လိုမ်ဳိးကိုလည္းျမင္ေနရတယ္'' ဟု ကိုယ္တုိင္မ်က္ျမင္ေတြ႕ခဲ့သည့္ ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္မွ သံဃာေတာ္တစ္ပါးကေျပာသည္။

''ဘုရားေရာင္ျခည္ေတာ္ကြန္႕ျမဴးသည့္ပံုကို ဓာတ္ပံုသမားေတြက ဘုရားအနီးတဝိုက္မွာ လိုက္ေရာင္းေနတယ္'' ဟု ၄င္းသံဃာေတာ္ကေျပာသည္။

႐ုိးဂိုးဘုရားသည္ ဆံေတာ္ရွင္ဘုရားျဖစ္သည့္အေလ်ာက္ မြန္ျပည္နယ္အတြင္း ဤဘုရား၏ သမိုင္းရာဇာဝင္ကိုသိေတာ္မူၾကသည္။

ရိုးဂိုးေက်းရြာရွိ ရြာသားမ်ားႏွင့္ ထိုဘုရားအနီးရွိ ဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးေက်ာင္းတြင္ သီတင္းသံုးေတာ္ မူေနေသာ ဆရာေတာ္ဘုရားႀကီးတို႕သည္ ညိႇႏႈိင္းတိုင္ပင္ၿပီး ထိုဘုရားကို ေရႊရည္သုတ္ရန္ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ခ်ၿပီး ေနာက္တစ္ရက္တြင္ ဤေရာင္ျခည္ေတာ္ ကြန္႕ျမဴးခဲ့သည္ဟု ရိုးဂိုးဆရာေတာ္ဘုရားႀကီးက ေျပာသည္။

''ဘုရားေရာင္ျခည္ေတာ္ကြန္႕ျမဴးတာ ျမင္ရခဲတယ္၊ ဒီလိုျဖစ္တာလည္း တိုင္းျပည္မေအးခ်မ္းတဲ့ နမိတ္ကို ျပေနတာမ်ားတယ္၊ စစ္ျဖစ္မွာလား၊ ႏိုင္ငံေရးနဲ႕ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ အေျပာင္းအလဲတစ္ခုခု လည္း ျဖစ္လာႏိုင္တယ္'' ဟု ပဲခူးဆရာေတာ္တစ္ပါးက ၎၏အျမင္ကို ေျပာျပသည္။

႐ုိးဂိုးဆံေတာ္႐ွင္ဘုရားသည္ လြန္ခဲ့သည့္ ၁၂ ႏွစ္ေက်ာ္တုန္းကလည္း ေရာင္ျခည္ေတာ္ကြန္႕ ျမဴးခဲ့ဖူးသည္ဟု ဓာတ္ပုံထဲ၌ ျမင္ေတြ႕ခဲ့သူတစ္ဦးက ေျပာသည္။

႐ုိဂိုးဆံေတာ္ရွင္ဘုရားပြဲသည္ ႏွစ္စဥ္ႏွစ္တိုင္း ႏွစ္ဆန္း ၁ ရက္ေန႕တြင္စည္ကားသိုက္ၿမိဳက္စြာ က်င္းပေလ့ရွိရာ ႏွစ္စဥ္ဘုရားဖူးဧည့္သည္မ်ားႏွင့္ ျပည့္ႏွက္ေနေလ့ရွိသည္။

Flyers from Muslim leaders

2008-08-06T01:28:00.001+06:30

Tue 05 Aug 2008, IMNA
Muslims in Mon State city are organizing people in the capital to join their religion to free themselves of disasters like Cyclone Nargis. They are distributing fly papers to this effect.

The fly papers said people in Burma faced the disaster and many were killed because they don't believe in their religion, the fly papers said.

"The paper said that a Muslim leader went to sleep while giving a speech and dreamt that people who do not join his religion would face disasters," a fly recipient told IMNA.

The paper mentioned the disaster like Cyclone Nargis which hit Irrawaddy delta and Rangoon division and killed more than 140,000 people on May 2 and 3.

The paper was distributed in Moulmein and Kyaikmaraw Township. According to residents from both townships, thousands of papers were distributed.

Not many people are believing what is written on the paper, residents in the townships said.

A majority of senior abbots in Burma said the Cyclone Nargis hit Burma because the military government killed Buddhist monks last September.

"You can see, both Burma and Chinese regimes which killed monks faced disasters," an abbot of the former State Sangga Nayaka said. Myanmar had to contend with Nargis and China faced an earthquake.

Myanmar military government used the Union Solidarity Development Association (USDA) from Irrawaddy delta for a crackdown on peaceful demonstrations by Buddhist monks last September. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… For further information please contact to imna_news@yahoo.com , www.monnews-imna.com Contact Editor: 66 (0) 81 3659140 (or) 66 (0) 892 072 825, Please visit Burma News International Web-site: www.bnionline.net, in which IMNA is a member.

Army order villagers to take responsibility for gas pipeline

2008-08-06T01:27:00.001+06:30

Tue 05 Aug 2008, IMNA
Local Burmese military authorities have directed villagers near the Kanbauk-Myainekalay gas pipeline to take responsibility for its security. The villagers have to pay the costs of sentry duty and pay for repairs in case of an explosion or a leak.

Though the regime benefits from the gas, villagers in Mudon, Thanpyuzayart, and Ye townships have to pay a monthly fee for sentry duty and to clean the bushes along the pipeline which is about 200 kilometres long. During the rainy season, the villagers have to heap soil where the pipeline has surfaced after erosion.

Local army battalions around the pipeline, which was laid in 2000, have avoided taking responsibility of its security and are known to force villagers to get food and money for them.

Villagers in southern Mudon Township now have to guard the pipeline near their village regularly and pay for the security on a monthly basis.

Moreover they have to pay for repair costs if the gas pipeline explodes.

"We have been paying for a long time including costs to heap soil again and again on the pipeline," said a Yaungdoung villager in Mudon Township.

The local army battalion has said villagers have to take the responsibility if an explosion occurs near their village.

The villager said "The authorities collect about 2,500 Kyat per house depending on the number of households in the village. Some villages pay twice a month." The Kwan-hlar village paid after the gas pipeline exploded twice in 2006.

The army officers ordered them to ensure that there were no explosions again in their villages and told them to guard the pipeline carefully. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… For further information please contact to imna_news@yahoo.com , www.monnews-imna.com Contact Editor: 66 (0) 81 3659140 (or) 66 (0) 892 072 825, Please visit Burma News International Web-site: www.bnionline.net, in which IMNA is a member.

Member of Myanmar Women's Affairs Federation arrested with 10,000 amphetamine pills

2008-08-06T01:26:00.001+06:30

Tue 05 Aug 2008, IMNA
A member of the Myanmar Women's Affairs Federation in Three Pagoda Pass (TPP) Township was arrested by the Thai Royal Police from Bangkok on July 25, in possession of 10,000 amphetamine pills. Daw Zin Myo Tun, from the New-Karen quarter between Taung Waing village and TPP town near the Thai border was arrested near Nam-Pa-Kate on the way to Sanghklaburi. "She is well known and was selling the pills when she was trapped by Thai police," a source said. There was a rumour that she was arrested with 30,000 pills, but Thai Royal Army sources said, she was arrested with ten thousand pills. That is the second largest amount of amphetamine seized in the TPP area this year. The first time, Burmese authorities seized about 300,000 pills from a resident last February. The New Mon State Party (NMSP), the strongest Mon political armed group based in the area regularly arrests drug dealers in the area. Recently NMSP arrested a Mon resident who was dealing drugs into Thai territory. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… For further information please contact to imna_news@yahoo.com , www.monnews-imna.com Contact Editor: 66 (0) 81 3659140 (or) 66 (0) 892 072 825, Please visit Burma News International Web-site: www.bnionline.net, in which IMNA is a member.

Bomb blast could be an inside job: police

2008-08-06T01:25:00.000+06:30

Mon 04 Aug 2008, IMNA
The bomb explosion at the telecommunication post (auto exchange) could have been the handiwork of insiders, revealed a police officer in Mudon Town Mon State.

The officer said that people from outside could not have been responsible but it could be an inside job. The whole thing could have been contrived.

The Mudon Township authorities arrested youths, who they suspected to have been involved in the explosion, and summoned their parents on the basis of a list of names found at the site.

According to a Mudon woman resident, while the authorities released some youths because they thought the youths were not involved they are still detaining a number of them.

"The authorities have been threatening people. They always do this if they don't have evidence," according to Mon National Democratic Front (MNDF) in Mudon.

The authorities are known to jail alcoholics in the area where they don't catch culprits.

After the explosion at the telecommunication post, Mudon and Thanpyuzayart Township Peace and Development Council (TPDC) authorities have ordered every department to guard and arrange for security by themselves at night.

The TPDC in Mudon called a meeting with the village headmen to investigate guests and workers from other divisions after the Southeast Command Commander from Moulmein inspected the small bomb blast site at the telecommunication office.

UN and US cannot bring changes in Burma: NCGUB at UN

2008-08-06T01:24:00.000+06:30

Mon 04 Aug 2008, Joi Htaw
The United Nations and the United States cannot bring in changes in Burma, even though Burmese people keep hoping, according to Dr.Thaung Htun, representative for UN affairs of National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma (NCGUB).

The pre-commemoration of 8888 was held by Thai Action Committee for Democracy in Burma and Southeast Asian studies Faculty of Liberal Art, Thammasat University yesterday.

Dr. Thaung Htun added that the Burmese people need to build up grassroot societies and capacities both in the country and migrant workers communities in Thailand.

"We have been making mistakes for 20 years. The military rulers continue to oppress, so we must start from the basics and from the beginning if it is necessary," he added.

To bring changes in Burma helps Burmese migrant workers educate themselves and work for solidarity among the communities. And explaining to the Thai people about the reasons why people from Burma come and work in Thailand. Many Thais do not know exactly what the causes are, explained by Htun.

"That is one way of doing politics," stated Dr. Thaung Htun.

Referring to 20 years of mistake, Dr. Thaung Htun explained that they had thought that after August 8th, 1988 there would be another people's uprising.

Powerful countries and the international community should help to resolve the political situation in Burma.

Though, there was no people's movement and Burma has become a target of natural resources for neighbouring countries to develop and industrialize these countries have little concern about Burmese people's suffering.

Meanwhile, the military regime has begun restricting gathering of people.

Pornpimon Trichote, an expert on Burma and senior researcher at the Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University said in her speech that the military do not let people meet and share their knowledge. So there is little opportunity for citizens to involve themselves in politics and fight the government.

At the seminar, Dr Thaung Htun, NCGUB at UN, Nang Hseng Noung, Presidium of Women's League of Burma, Aung Thu Nyein, Burmese scholar and Dr. Pornpimon Trichote, Burma expert from Chulalongkorn University participated and made presentations on Burma. About 94 people including westerners also attended.

The Thai Action Committee for Democracy in Burma will demonstrate in front of the Chinese embassy and Burmese embassy on August 8, to commemorate the democracy uprising in Burma on August 8, 1988.

Police soldiers target youths for bomb blast

2008-08-06T01:23:00.002+06:30

Sat 02 Aug 2008, IMNA
Activist youths in nearby villages are being targeted by local junta authorities for arrest following the bomb explosion after a list of names were found near the explosion site.

Local police and soldiers entered homes of some youths home in Wet tae and Kyaik ywe village Mudon township.

"The authorities entered the homes last night to interrogate youths in our village. But the youths were not at home," a villager from Wet tae said.

The authorities entered the home of at least two youths and took all the list of youths who are friendly with the Wet tae village youth.

Local people believe the youth were not involved in the blast and most of the youth are part of a community movement, such as holding National Day, and Mon Literature and Culture Training.

Following the local authorities attempt to arrest the youth, a majority of youth are fleeing.

Kumai villagers forced to guard at night and work by day at army base

2008-08-06T01:23:00.001+06:30

Sat 02 Aug 2008, IMNA
The Burmese military battalion in Ye township southern Mon State is forcing villagers to work and do sentry duty near Kumai village on a daily basis.

According to a Kumai villager in Ye Township, five villagers were forced to work at the Light Infantry Battalion LIB No- 299 based in their village during daytime and guard the village at night.

LIB No-299 has been confiscating land since 1999 in southern Ye Township paying small amounts of compensation for crops but not for the land. And the army has issued an order for land confiscation again since February.

"I have to go at least twice a month to work. We have to arrive at the battalion at 6 in the evening and we are let off next evening," he added.

If they don't want to go for duty, they have to hire other people to go to the battalion by paying about 5,000 Kyat at a time.

The Kumai villager said "villagers would like to find other jobs when there is not enough work to be done at the plantations. They have to leave their work to go for the battalion duty." The villagers have to work inside the battalion where they clear the bushes near the army building and rebuild the Ye-Tavoy highway road by force.

Villagers are also forced to work in the quarters of the army officers who do not provide any food to them. Villagers have to bring their own food.

If those on security duty do not have information that strangers are around the village during patrolling, army officers punish them by torturing and beating them up.

The LIB No-299 has out up a signboard saying 'Army Land" in the areas of local land owners - Nai Win, Nai Maung, and Nai Thawar this year. The three owners are afraid their land will confiscated though the army has said they will not.

In 2007, the LIB No-299 put motorcycle owners in jail when a Captain died in an accident after colliding with a villager's motorbike while going to investigate an explosion about two miles from Kumai village.

At least nine youths arrested after bomb explosion in telecom office

2008-08-06T01:20:00.000+06:30

Sat 02 Aug 2008, IMNA
At least nine youths from nearby villages where a bomb exploded on July 30 in the telecommunication (auto exchange) were arrested on suspicion of involvement.

According to a villager whose friends were arrested, the police and soldiers raided the homes of the youth at night. The bomb damaged five window panes of doors and windows. No one was injured.

"Two youths from my quarter were arrested on suspicion. One is a driver the other a local youth," a youth from Nyaung gone village said.

The authorities have beefed up security in the area and also switched off the power line and are keeping a close watch on the movement of youth.

Many youths are fleeing to evade arrest and many villagers in Kyone Pake, Wet tae, Nyaung gone, Kyaik Ye are scared.

"We can be framed by the authorities because they are raiding homes and seizing many things," a leader of the Mon National Democratic Front (MNDF) in the area said.

Most of the Thai cordless telephones on the hill in Nyaung gone village were seized by local authorities.

Police and soldiers setup check points in Cin Hna Gaung (Two elephants), and are seriously checking travellers as they believe four more bombs would be planted.

Local analysis said, their experience says the authorities will keep these youths as hostages to prove to senior officials that they have arrested the bombers.

To arrest local activists in Khawzar sub-township, the authorities had conspired and triggered a bomb explosion at a polling station during the constitution to approve the draft constitution on May 10 which was nothing damaged and no one injured.

The local police revealed later that the explosion was the handiwork of the Infantry Battalion No.31 and they arrested three activists. One died after torture.

Iron Cross forced to delay show in support of cyclone victims by junta

2008-08-01T17:31:00.001+06:30

Fri 01 Aug 2008, IMNA
The Iron Cross (IC), the popular and famous music band in Rangoon has had to postpone its live performance to raise funds for Cyclone Nargis victims at the Thuwanha stadium because of the dilatory tactics of the ruling Burmese junta.

The authorities told the music band earlier that they (authorities) had shifted dates from July 16 to August 24 because the military sports had to be held, according to source close to the IC.

According to the source, "The authorities have delayed the live show thrice and if they delay it again the IC will not be able do the show to collect funds". Lay Phyu, Ahnge, Myo Gyi, and Wai Wai were to perform in the live show.

According to IC fans, the authorities do not have much love for the IC because the band has not ever sung Burmese propaganda music.

The IC band also planned to perform in Mon State earlier but the Southeast Command banned them after youths quarreled in the festival.

However IC plans to have a stage show after the end of the Buddhist Lent in Kamawet village at the Kyaik Kamort Pagoda Festival in October 20, 2008.

Army orders cutting down of rubber plants near base

2008-08-01T17:30:00.005+06:30

Wed 30 Jul 2008, IMNA
A Burmese Army artillery battalion under the command of the Southeast Command forced local plantation owners to cut rubber plants along the army base.

Rubber plantations near Ah-bit, Youngdoung, Hnee-padaw, Kwan-hlar, Set-thawe village southern Mudon Township and some villages in Thanpyuzayart Township were ordered to be cut down by artillery regiment No-318 based in Ah-bit village Mudon Township Mon State.

Over 6,000 rubber plants ready to produce sap and about 15,000 medium plants near the artillery battalion were identified to be cut down, according to an owner.

The owner said "The plantations owners don't want to cut it because their plantation could produce sap in the coming season. That's why the plantations owners have being bribing the Burmese artillery battalion to avoid cleaning up heir plantations." Most owners paid 700 Kyat per plant to the artillery.

Artillery regiment No- 318 confiscated approximately 200 acres to build their battalion base in the southern part of Mudon Township since 2002 without paying compensation.

"He (the artillery officer) warned us that we can't sell our plantation to others. They would seize our plants when they wanted to" the owner said.

Currently the army authorities have allowed owners to walk across the army camp only from 6 am to 5 pm to go and work in their plantation beside the army camp.

The army forced them to make permit cards for allowing them to cross the army gate, a Youngdoung villager said, "They won't allow the travelers and local villagers if they cannot show the card".

The plantation owners had paid for their photographs to the artillery to get the permit cards.

A Youngdoung villager said the plantation owners are disappointed with the artillery because the plantation workers have start work from midnight to scrape the plant. Due to limited time, they face problems going to their plantation.

Bomb explodes in Telecommunication Office in Mudon

2008-08-01T17:30:00.004+06:30

Thu 31 Jul 2008, IMNA
A bomb exploded near the Burmese military regime's Central Agriculture Research and Training under the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation in Mudon Township, Mon State, Burma last night.

The bomb went off in the Telecommunication Office precincts in front of Central Agriculture Research and Training in the eastern part of Kyone paik village about 20 miles from Moulmein, the capital of Mon State but no one was injured.

The authorities have not been able to identify the bomber yet. "It seems to be an internal affair and there were only three people present," an observer from the town said.

The local authorities are investigating. The office was built in 1996 and the local authorities seized a rubber plantation for constructing the building without paying compensation.

In July last year, a small bomb exploded in a brothel near the Azin Dam in Mudon.

Sanction has not really impacted Burmese gem trade

2008-08-01T17:28:00.001+06:30

Wed 30 Jul 2008, IMNA
Although the US government continues with its sanction on importing gems from Burma, it will not strongly impact the Burmese gem trade, said Burmese gem traders.

President Bush signed a legislation yesterday banning the import of rubies and jades from Burma to the United States to penalise Burma's brutal ruling regime. It has also frozen assets of the generals.

"Trading on board through Hong Kong had been totally stopped. But we are still working trough neighbouring countries and there has been no strong impact in gem trading," a gem trader in Rangoon said.

Demand for jewels in China and Thailand is increasing and it could help balance the loss of market in the US.

"A majority export jade and some high value rubies to China," a trader said.

A majority of traders in upper Burma cross the Sino-Burma border and sell jade in China.

"Selling gems in China is like selling vegetables because the Chinese like jade so much," a Mandalay jade producer and trader said.

According to a trader, although the US government started banning Burmese gem, the gem trade is not really hard hit and trade in Burma has been going on normally.

However the trade has lost major customers in California trough Hong Kong and Singapore. But Burmese gem traders have found markets through neighbours to by pass the sanction.

Gem earns the third major export income for Burma and it has generated 647 million dollars during the 2007-2008 fiscal, according to official statistics.

Boom in Burmese women seeking jobs in Malaysia

2008-08-01T17:27:00.002+06:30

Boom in Burmese women seeking jobs in Malaysia
Tue 29 Jul 2008, IMNA
The number of Burmese women legally seeking jobs in Malaysia is mounting while a majority of women are still seeking jobs illegally in neighbouring countries.

At least 100 women from various part of Burma have flown abroad seeking jobs and at least 200 women applied for passports to the Burmese military government Ministry of Home Affairs, according to a agency handling work-permit visas.

"A majority of women target Malaysia because it is easier to get jobs after the Burmese government allowed Malaysia to send its workers. Compared to the past year there is an exodus," an employee of the agency said.

A majority of women seek jobs in sewing and glove making factories which pay 750-800 Ringgit (RM) according to the agency which takes installments of 450 RM per month from the women they send there.

Although the military government allows seeking jobs in Malaysia, it has banned women who applied for visa to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia because there Burmese women are sold to the sex industry.

According to a woman activist in Malaysia, a majority of women seek jobs in Malaysia to tackle family problems due to economic crisis in Burma.

Burmese women seek jobs in neighbouring Thailand and some are sold by traffickers to the sex industry and Thai businessmen. However Myanmar Women's Affairs Federation (MWAF) wants to end trafficking in women.

But without identifying the basic problems of women in Myanmar and solving it, trafficking in women will not end, Nan Yin from the Women's League of Burma in exile said at the MWAF founding day on July 3.

Extortion for castor oil plants

2008-08-01T17:24:00.001+06:30

Mon 28 Jul 2008, IMNA
Burmese military junta authorities in Southern Burma are into extorting money from residents for replanting castor oil plants (Jatropha Curcas).

The Township Peace and Development Council (TPDC) in Ye, Mon State extorted 1000 Kyat each from residents during the weekend.

According to Ye residents, the authorities took the money for replanting castor oil saplings where some had had died on the main road and in government's plantations.

A resident said TPDC forcibly collects money annually from residents to implement government projects.

Similarly the TPDC in Mudon Township collected funds recently from the people in the township for replanting castor oil saplings.

The Burmese regime had targeted to plant jatropha curcas on eight million acres of land in the country in three years, according to a report of the Ethnic Community Development Forum (ECDF). The areas are including Kachin, Karenni, Karen, Chin, Mon, Arakan, and Shan states.

The junta wants to grow 500,000 plants in each of its 12 regional military command in three years. The military southeast command ordered different levels of the government administration to grow the plant.

Government authorities used resources from the people to implement the project forcing people to shell out money.

Each government departments were ordered to grow the plant in their own land while people were ordered to grow at least five plants on their land.

Each high school has been directed to grow 1,000 plants, 700 plants in middle school and 300 in primary schools.

Castor oil plants will also have to be grown along the main motor road and highway.

Farmers ordered to plant double crops in rainy season

2008-08-01T17:23:00.000+06:30

Mon 28 Jul 2008, IMNA
The Myanmar Agriculture Service (MAS) in Moulmein District in Mon State, which falls under the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, has been ordering farmers to plant double crops during the rainy season to increase productivity.

The farmers near the special zone in Kwan Tha village of Mudon Township were ordered to plant the paddy variety that could be harvested in two and a half months.

"The seedlings planted in the paddy fields in the special zone were uprooted during the weekend to replant paddy seeds, which could be harvested in two and half months," farmers in Kwan Tha village said. A total area of about 10 acres would have to be replanted.

The Village Peace and Development Council (VPDC) officials from Kwan Tha and Kawkhapone collected the money for the farmers because they had been ordered to pay the farmers for seeds, which were of the good yielding variety.

The MAS manager in Moulmein District had earlier told the farmers to plant twice in a season and thrice a year.

MAS authorities created a special zone near the village and the highway to showcase the opening and closing ceremony for the paddy fields. These ceremonies were attended by the Major-General from Southeast Command and the Lieutenant- General.

The New Light of Myanmar said that the government was also trying to improve the yield by following a modern agricultural system, using good varieties and pure stock of paddy seeds.

However, about fifty summer paddy fields in Kwan Tha were destroyed during the harvesting period, when Cyclone Nargis hit the Irrawaddy Delta on May 2 and 3.

During last week, the Burmese army in Ye Township ordered farmers between Aru-taung and Taungpone villages to replant seedlings in rows in fields.

The policy of MAS could not succeed in Mon State since the farmers do not have dryer machines for the paddy fields. This is one of the reasons why it would be difficult to achieve double crops in the rainy season, a MAS’ former manager in Moulmein District said.

The Burmese government has planned double crops in Burma since 1993 in accordance with state policy. They started the system in Kyakse Township in Mandalay Division and some townships in the Irrawaddy Division. Currently, the military government has also initiated the plan in Tenasserim division.

Wiping tears of monks with more pass figures

2008-08-01T17:21:00.000+06:30

Mon 28 Jul 2008, IMNA
The Burmese military junta deliberately delayed announcing the results of the examinations held for monks afraid that monks may regroup in the largest city Rangoon, alleged a leader of monks.

Annually the military regime announces the results before the Buddhist Lent, but it announced the results on July 25 after monk students' entered the lent.

"We checked the answer sheets a long time ago. We were waiting for the order to announce the results," a senior monk employee in Kaba Aye Hill told IMNA.

Although fewer monk students sat for the examinations in the 2007-2008 academic year because of the demonstration by monks last September, the numbers of monks passing the examination was double compared to past years.

According to senior monks, around 300 to 400 monks finished the thirds level of Dhamma Sariya in earlier years, but government stated that 856 monks achieved the level this year.

"About 12 monks passed the examinations. While it was less than in the past years, in Kyet Khart Wine there were 46 passes," an abbot from Rangoon told IMNA.

Some abbots said that the military government, which had cracked down on peaceful demonstration by monks last September 2007, is trying to appease the monks with good results.

Following the September crackdown, the number of student monks enrolling to study in Rangoon dropped to 25% claimed abbots in Rangoon.

Due to the delay in announcing the result, student monks are facing difficulty in moving to other monasteries which are teaching Buddha scriptures because they are in the lent period.

Woman shop owner arrested in Moulmein

2008-07-26T01:44:00.000+06:30

Fri 25 Jul 2008, IMNA
A woman shop owner was arrested by Moulmein authorities on the accusation of being linked to the death of 59 Burmese migrant workers who suffocated to death while entering Thailand on the way Ranong to Phuket on April 9.

Ma Khaing, 'Pop-pha-wadee' is the owner of cooked rice shop in Thay Thamort Bhrat" temple in Ye Township, southern Mon State.

According to a witness, Ma Khaing was arrested July 22 noon from her shop but he was not sure where the authorities detained her.

She was accused of being a tout who was involved in the case of trafficking the migrant to Thailand.

The witness said migrant workers ate in her shop and she also helped them by carrying their bags to the vehicle before they went to Ranong.

At least 59 people died of the 121 Burmese migrant workers who tried to seek jobs in Thailand. They were being smuggled in on a 10-wheeled container truck.

Thai's Vehicle Insurance paid 100,000 Kyat to the next of kin of each Burmese migrant worker who died in the container.

The main trafficker, a Burmese national was arrested in Phuket and two other traffickers inside Burma are absconding.

A majority of migrants were from Lamaing sub-town, Tamort-kanin village Ye township and Mudon township Mon State.

Police informer extorts money from Thai-cordless phone owners

2008-07-26T01:43:00.002+06:30

Thu 24 Jul 2008, IMNA
A police informer in Mudon Township is extorting money from villagers using Thai-cordless telephones by threatening them.

Former boxer, U Aung Phyuu a member of the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA) in the township, extorted 40,000 Kyat from a phone owners in Nyaung- gone village and Wete village.

"He threatened to bring police officers to arrest us if we did not pay the amount he demanded," Than, a phone owner in Nyaung- gone village told IMNA after paying.

Aung Phyuu, who is a police informer, extorted money from about 50 telephone owners in two villages every month. In addition phone owners pay thousands of Kyat to government officers for allowing the phones to be used.

According to a phone owner, they paid 30,000 Kyat to the Light Infantry Battalion (LIB) No.209 based in Kamawet. Telephone owners pay 5,000 Kyat monthly to each senior police officer. "Some time we have to pay more when the police from Moulmein city come over," Than said. Mon State's strongest armed cease-fire group also collects 20,000 Kyat annually as tax.

According to villager, Aung Phyuu who also works in military government owned rubber plantation, also sexually harasses women workers who sap rubber plants.

Burmese army orders replant seedlings in rows

2008-07-26T01:43:00.001+06:30

Tue 22 Jul 2008, IMNA
The Burmese Army in southern Mon State has ordered farmers to replant seedlings in rows in fields even if they have completed cultivating.

This order was issued by the Light Infantry Battalion (LIB) No 587 based in Aru-taung village Ye Township. The army officers removed cultivated paddy plants without telling the owners.

Nai Kyaw Hein who is replanting today after the army officers took plants away, His farm is located beside the main road between Aru-taung and Taung bone.

The army also ordered farmers cultivating between Aru-taung and Taung bone village to replant systemically in rows.

"The army officers gave a suitable amount of seeds as loan to farmers for replanting. And the farmers have to pay back the loan to army officers after they harvest," farmers in that area said.

The farmer said that the army also stuck white and red flags in the fields. Other paddy fields owners have to plant in rows in their entire farm according to the army order. That's why the remaining farmers are afraid of replanting paddy and watching the movement of the army.

Even though they don't want to replant it, the army officers told them that planting in rows systemically will get more produce than normal planting.

LIB No-587 confiscated over 500 acres of farmland between Kun-duu and San-kha-ke village northern part of Ye Township in 2002.

Farmers buy fertilizers in reduced quantities

2008-07-26T01:41:00.000+06:30

Mon 21 Jul 2008, IMNA
Unable to afford fertilizers, the price for which has doubled compared to last year, farmers are finding it extremely difficult to grow paddy this season. They are having to buy fertilizers in reduced quantities and that will affect productivity.

A farmer in Kamawet village in Mudon Township said most growers are grumbling because fertilizers have become expensive. They can buy it only after they sell paddy.

Urea fertilizers from China currently costs about 36,000 Kyat for a 50 kg bag. Previous it was about 16,000 Kyat. The cost of fertilizers from Thailand was 33,000 Kyat per bag earlier now it is about 52,000 Kyat.

Nai Kon, a farmer in Mudon who is currently cultivating about 30 acres of paddy field said "I got about 1,400 baskets after using fertilizers and I could just produce about 900 baskets last year without using fertilizers.

Due to be the high price of fertilizers, the farmers have to be thrifty in using it.

According to a fertilizer shop owner in Mudon sales of fertilizers have come down since the price of world oil is increasing including transportation cost from China.

Farmers in Burma use fertilizers imported from China, India, Bangladesh, and Thailand, according to a former manager of the Myanmar Agricultural Service (MAS). The Burmese regime produces about 0.1 million baskets per year, but Burmese farmers need about 0.5 billion baskets a year.

The former manger said the produce increase if fertilizers are used.

But some farmers use cow excreta and composite soil from villages in their fields in April.

According to The New Light of Myanmar, the Burmese government's agricultural bank provided about 8,000 Kyat as loan per acre to over 3,000 farmers in Mudon Township.

The Mudon farmer, Nai Kon said "Fertilizers are not difficult to find if you have money. There are a lot of shops in our town." Now the price of paddy in Mon State is about 5,800 Kyat per basket. Farmers will get little profit without using urea.

He added that most farmers are relieved since the Burmese government stopped buying paddy at a low price in 2003. Before that, the Burmese regime took about 10 baskets per acre.

Price of rubber seedlings show downward trend

2008-07-21T05:13:00.000+06:30

Fri 18 Jul 2008, IMNA
The price of rubber seedlings is showing a downward trend after most people started to graft seedling plants for their small private business, according to plantation owners.

Plantation owners and some businessmen had increased the quantity of rubber seedling plants produced a few year ago due to the high demand in Pegu, Irrawaddy, and Tenasserim Division.

According to Daw Tin from Youngdoung village Mudon Township, the current price for rubber seedling plant is about 300-400 Kyat while the previous price was 600 Kyat grafted from good quality.

"The market for rubber grafted seedlings is not good this year after the small home business flourished. Growing plants even in the small home business front registered good sales in the past year," said Daw Tin who planted about 10,000 rubber plants.

After the new cultivators came into the business for extra income, old customers rarely buy from the bigger nurseries.

PB 600 imported from Thailand and PB 260 and PB 235 from Malaysia cost about 600 Kyat in Mudon Township, owners said. The cost goes up to about 1,000 Kyat when it arrives in the plantation.

According to a Mudon resident, "there will be less uncultivated land for the customers didn't buy seedlings this year. Some cultivated for their plantations at last year's cost.

Last year, customers from Pegu, Irrawaddy, and Tenasserim Division bought the seedlings from Burmese government agriculture department and private markets in Mudon and Thanpyuzayart Township.

According to The New Light of Myanmar, the Burmese government regime plans to have over 0.4 million acres of rubber plantations in Mon State between 2007-2009.

Migrants find it difficult to work in Thailand

2008-07-21T05:11:00.000+06:30

Wed 16 Jul 2008, IMNA
Migrant workers are facing difficulties in getting jobs at rubber plantations in Thailand after rubber prices soared twice in the last year. The current price is 120 Baht.

Nai Thu, living in Thailand for three years said that migrant workers faced more and more difficulties finding work in rubber plantations, but they are still entering Thailand looking for jobs.

"Currently some plantations shore up to three families though one family works in a cultivated area," Mi Chan Aye, who is working in a rubber plantation for 10 years, said.

Some new workers wanting to work in rubber plantations in Surat Thani Province southern Thailand have to bribe the owners to get jobs.

Due to the large amount of workers seeking jobs in plantation, the income levels have were decreased by over 30% from last year, said Nai Thu who made about 5 million Kyat. His relative made about 10 million Kyat per year in previous years.

According to him, if workers worked hard they can earn more money in Thailand. But they have to accept about 0.5 million Kyat per year if they work in Burma.

Mi Chan Aye said that the numbers of people seeking to work in rubber plantations are rising and migrant workers from Burma have been increasing.

The workers start at 10 pm to shred the surface of rubber plants and work till midnight and sleep while waiting for the liquid. And they begin to work again at 5 am for collecting the liquid and go through the whole process until they get rubber flats.

For the same work in Thailand and Burma, they can make much more money in Thailand because of the difference in currency.

"People are going to Malaysia and Thailand. If we don't go to Thailand, we cannot buy property," said Nai Thu.

While working in Thailand, workers especially from Mon State are apprehensive about their security because the gangs loot things and money from them.

In the first week of this month, Nai Myat Soe was killed by an unidentified Thai gang when he and his son went to the rubber plantation.

Migrant Assistance Program based in Chaing Mai estimated over 2 million migrant from Burma are working in Thailand illegally.

Gita Association member extorts money from VCD shops

2008-07-11T22:37:00.001+06:30

Fri 11 Jul 2008, IMNA
A secretary of the Myanmar Video Organization (MVO) under the Gita Association has been extorting money from shops selling VCD movies and songs in former capital Rangoon, shop owners alleged.

The secretary of the Rangoon Division Myanmar Video (MVO) U Nay Win has been extorting money from shops in Mayangon, Mingaladon, South Okkalapa and Insein townships for a couple of months.

He has been fleecing the shops after finding out details of the owners' investments. The extortion money ranges between Kyat 30,000 up to 50,000 and has become akin to a monthly tax from shop owners. Frightened shop owners having been paying up.

"He told us if we do not pay up he will force the shop to close," a shop owner told IMNA.

A couple of days ago he threatened a VCD shop owner near Aung Mingala bus station with arrest.

U Nay Win is from Thu Da Mar Road, North Okkalapa Township and he is a former video shop owner.

A source close to him said he is an extravagant spender and regularly went to the KTV (Karaoke Bar) in North Okkalapa.

The VCD shop owner said they run shops legally and they had no idea why U Nay Win was extorting money from them.

MNDF will not contest 2010 election

2008-07-11T22:36:00.000+06:30

Thu 10 Jul 2008, IMNA
The Mon National Democratic Front (MNDF) will not form a new party and will not contest the 2010 general election because the party did not accept the approved constitution, said MNDF Vice Chairman.

The MNDF had decided not to contest the elections which will be stage managed by the Burmese military junta.

"We will not contest. Even Mon people should not because the constitution was drafted for the army to retain power in the country and it will not benefit people," Nai Ngwe Thein told IMNA.

"We believe if we continue to struggle, one day we will get real democracy," he added.

MNDF was founded in 1988 and it won five seats in the 1990 election. But the party was abolished by the Burmese military junta in 1992 with other ethnic pro-democracy parties.

MNDF was illegally moved with other ethnic pro-democracy parties and the National League for Democracy which fared well in the 1990 elections.

The military government runs the New Light of Myanmar recently reported that the result was no longer valid and NLD should contest the 2010 election.

"The 1990 election result is legal because after the election no one decided when parliament would expire," Nai Ngwe Thein said.

He also asked the Mon community to avoid getting involved in the election. But the New Mon State Party splinter group led by former party's army chief Maj.Gen Aung Naing stated that his group will contest the election and asked people for support.

However the main armed political party has not decided whether they would join the elections. Although the NMSP sent representatives to the national convention which was drafting the constitution and later just sent observers, the junta ignored its inputs along with 13 ethnic other cease-fire groups.

Ngwe Kyar Yan monastery continues

2008-07-11T22:35:00.000+06:30

Wed 09 Jul 2008, IMNA
The Ngwe Kyar Yan monastery continued its new academic year even after the Burmese military junta's bloody crackdown on monks who led the September 2007 demonstrations.

The monastery which hosted over 100 student monks last year is now starting its session with over 70 monks.

"The monks study freely like other monasteries. The monastery sees more and more crowds," a source close to the monastery said.

Ngwe Kyar Yan, in South Okklapa Township was where the military killed some monks during a crackdown at night.

A majority of monks were beaten up by Burmese Army troops and policemen. The whole temple was ransacked by troops.

Dozens of monk from the monastery were arrested and an ill abbot died during the raid on the monastery.

The abbot's assistant took over and the lessons continued smoothly. According to the State Sangga Nayaka Sayardaws, although the monasteries are conducting classes the number of students has dropped.

Because of the demonstrations, many monks did not dare to continue studying in the largest city Rangoon and moved to rural areas.

Some abbots also did not accept monks who were involved in the protests. The number of student monks also decreased in Pegu where thousands of monks joined last September's demonstrations.

Pegu, Rangoon and Mandalay divisions registered the highest number of monk students in the country with Pegu being on top. It has more than 240,000 monks according to the Sangga Nayaka list.

Uphill task in rebuilding lives in Nga Pu Taw

2008-07-11T22:33:00.000+06:30

Wed 09 Jul 2008, IMNA
Victims of Cyclone Nargis in a village in Nga Pu Taw Township are facing an uphill task in rebuilding their lives. The trail of destruction left many dead and swept away belongings, said an aid worker who went there.

Shwe Tauk village was founded 45 years ago with salt and prawn industry being set up. But after the May 3 cyclone all the farms were destroyed and a majority of workers killed.

The village had eight large salt farms, six prawn units with at least 90 workers in each salt farms and 60 in the prawn farms.

"The villagers have been unable to restart work," said the aid worker who distributed rice to 88 families in the village.

"The Investors moved to other villages and many villagers did not return to the village after they moved to town to access aid,'' he added.

Now villagers are rebuilding their homes and struggling to survive. Villagers took out salt water from the wells for reuse, the aid worker was told.

A majority of the victims were farm workers living on low land, according to a villager. About 70 workers died in the U Maun Win salt farm, 54 died in U Khin Shwe and 47 in U Mae Lon.

Only one home was left standing after the cyclone hit. Currently about 1000 people live in the village. They have are sheltered in two primary schools one of which has to be rebuilt.

According to the aid worker a majority of villages nearby face a similar situation. They face enormous difficulty in restarting work in the salt and prawn farms.

People interested in private electric supply

2008-07-09T04:19:00.000+06:30

Tue 08 Jul 2008, IMNA
Starved off energy needs, people in southern Burma favour electricity supply from private power distributing agencies given the delay in the government setting up power lines in the area.

Local people paid hundreds of million Kyats to the Burmese junta's Ministry of Electric Power to setup power lines to local villages in Mudon, Thanpbuzayat, Ye in Mon State and Hpa-an in Karen State.

"My family paid about one million Kyats but the nothing has happened so far. Now electricity is available because we changed to a private company," a villager in Mudon Township said over telephone.

"Some villages in southern Mudon Township have been waiting for government electricity for years and they started switching to private companies just last month.

The local people in the area are also interested in buying electricity from private players, but a majority of them are finding it difficult because they have already applied for government power.

Private electricity is paid by units and the price is equal to a bottle (Six bottles per gallon) of diesel at 4200 Kyat.

"We can cook, watch TV, and light up well. Depending on usage we have to pay more. We pay about 10,000 Kyat a month for electricity," a private electricity consumer told IMNA.

But some government power consumers claimed that they are better off than buying electricity from private firms because they have to pay just around 50 Kyat per unit. Some consumers said they do face power cuts.

Some villages are waiting for permission to consume government power supply through transmission lines setup on their own.

Ko Than Oo & Brothers, close to Tenasserim based military commander, runs a private power generating company in northern Ye township. A majority of private power generators use diesel.

The private company is telling people that they will provide electricity if the 160 families from a village apply.

Win Sein Sayar Daw denies predicting cyclone in Mon State

2008-07-09T04:17:00.000+06:30

Mon 07 Jul 2008, IMNA
Win Sein Taw Ya abbot has denied saying a cyclone would lash Mon state at the end of May. He also denied that he was arrested by the authorities for it.

Win Sein Taw Ya abbot Kethara, who has claims to have built the biggest reclining Buddha image in the world, said he did not make any astrological prediction on another cyclone on June 16.

Local people said the rumuor of another cyclone spread following a dream the abbot saw after Cyclone Nargis hit Irrawaddy delta killing more than 130,000 people.

Due to the rumour hundreds of people in Mon state moved to higher places and even local authorities warned the people. But there was no cyclone and a rumour broke out that he was arrested by local authorities because of the prediction.

"He did not predict a cyclone and he was not arrested by authorities. Even an investigation was not done by the authorities," a source close to the abbot told IMNA.

Win Sein Taw Ya has influence in southern Burma, is said to have magical powers and is famous for predicting lottery numbers.

He had built a 170-metre long Buddha statue in Mudon township and recently built an 80-feet high sitting Buddha statue.

When bodies of cyclone victims floated into Mon state, he visited the beaches and watched.

Regime buys 100,000 baskets of paddy seeds from Mon State

2008-07-09T04:11:00.000+06:30

Mon 07 Jul 2008, IMNA
The Burmese military regime has ordered the Myanmar Rice Wholesalers Association (MRWA) in Mon State to buy 100,000 baskets of paddy seeds for replanting in Cyclone Nargis hit areas of Irrawaddy division, a source closed to the association said.

Senior officials in Rangoon have taken the responsibility for transportation and the MRWA was ordered to buy from three townships where good quality seeds are available --Mudon, Paung, and Chaung-zone.

According to a MRWA member in Mon State, they have already bought about 30,000 baskets. Purchase has stopped now because not enough money has been made available by the regime.

The association spent 670,000 Kyat per 100 baskets and paid farmers the current price. It bought paddy from May 20 till the end of June.

A MRWA member said they will loan the seeds to farmers in cyclone hit areas with a contract of paying back.

According to a donor in Rangoon who went to cyclone affected area, the survivors have to buy it for about 190 Kyat per Pyi (Burmese measurement) in eight condensed milk containers.

But some areas have to pay back the amount after getting from the government after they harvest their grain.

The Burmese government bought not only paddy seeds in Mon State but also cows to send to Irrawaddy delta. Due to the government purchase the price went up from 590,000 Kyat to 670,000 Kyat.

But the donor said only two buffalos were given to the farmers to plough their paddy fields in Kan path village in Ngaputaw Township.

The New Light of Myanmar reported that the Minister for Agricultural and Irrigation is cooperating with the Korea Rural Community and Irrigation Cooperation (KRC) for replanting in the agricultural season in Cyclone Nargis hit areas.

Militas sent to frontline for drill with army

2008-07-05T15:14:00.000+06:30

IMNA

Militias from Thanpyuzayart Township Mon State southern Burma have been despatched to the frontline with Burmese Army troops to participate in a drill and fight Mon rebels.

The militia was formed in 2003 at the behest of the army to fight against "internal and external enemies" in the event of an invasion of the country after the Depeyin massacre and the attempt on the life of the pro-democracy leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi. The attack on the democracy icon was alleged to have been orchestrated by the junta with the help of goons of the Union Solidarity Development Association (USDA) and others.

Militia personnel from Wei-win-kara, Taung-phalu, Wae-Thun-Gyung, and Ya Thae Taung villge in Thanpyuzayart Township have been sent to southern Ye Township.

"This is the second time militias have been sent there for the rebel offensive drill," a militia captain in southern Mon state said.

"Villagers were ordered to shell out 100,000 Kyat and given the responsibility of looking after the families of the militia while they are on the front line," he added.

The militias are an extension of the army and were trained by soldiers for months in army bases in 2003. The military regime appointed each of them gave them ranks, arms and uniforms.

After May 30, 2003 Depeyin massacre, the military regime ordered the militia to be trained by the army given rumours that the US Army would intervene in Burma and hundreds of villagers were forced to join the military training.

Monks return to Rangoon for Buddhist lent and further studies

2008-07-05T15:08:00.000+06:30

IMNA

Monks are returning to the biggest city, Rangoon for the Buddhist lent and further studies. They lost lent and an academic year because of last September's monk led demonstrations. But the numbers are less compared to before the demonstration.

Monks from various part of Burma are being accepted back to the monasteries where they studied last year before the bloody crack down by the ruling junta for demanding political change and checking the economic crisis in the country.

But a rumor is doing the rounds among monk students that some abbots are not accepting monks involved in the demonstrations.

"This is not true. Most abbots are accepting students and many have returned for further studies. We are opening the doors and welcoming them," an abbot in Rangoon said over telephone.

According to a donor, the monks are increasing in numbers slowly. "Many new monks arrived in Moulmein for further studies. The new ones are from Rangoon because their former abbots in the biggest city did not accept them. So they moved to Moulmein," a student monk in Moulmein told IMNA.

According to an abbot in Rangoon, the number of students is still less. A majority of the monks could not sit for last year's academic examinations because the government ordered them to return to their hometowns to control the monk led demonstration.

Dozens of monasteries in Rangoon were cracked down upon by troops and hundreds of monks and people were arrested. Many arrested monks disrobed and changed to life as common people.

The brutal crackdown made many monks leave Rangoon. But monks are still proving that they are ahead of the community in helping Cyclone Nargis victims.

Relief trickles into Myanmar

2008-05-22T03:59:00.000+06:30

'Very,very concerned' over Myanmar aid

2008-05-22T03:34:00.000+06:30

U.S, aid trickles into Myanmar

2008-05-22T03:26:00.001+06:30

Nargis in Myanmar

2008-05-22T03:24:00.000+06:30

2008-05-18T23:10:00.000+06:30

Palm-leaf manuscripts throw new light on ancient Mon kingdom
Mon has become the forgotten kingdom and the Mon have for centuries had no place to call home.
by Subhatra Bhumiprabhas

The history of the Mon, however, as one of the most powerful nations of Southeast Asia has been told through the generations.

Many fascinating stories in the Mon’s history and legends have been translated and retold in lots of papers - most have appeared in Burmese and Thai royal chronicles and many works on Mon studies in various languages were based on them.

Interestingly, the old Mon inscriptions on palm leaves found and read by today’s Mon scholars tell many other stories.

The scholars and their foreign counterparts on Mon studies around the world will meet in Bangkok next month to share new knowledge and discoveries on Mon history, identity, culture, language and performing arts at the international conference on “The Discovery of Ramanaya Desa” - or as it is known in Thai, “Krob-krueng rueng Raman”.

The conference is being organised by the Mekong Research Unit at the Institute of Asian Studies, Southeast Asian Studies Centre’s Graduate School at Chulalongkorn University.

“Ramanaya Desa”, as Mon scholar Nai Sunthorn Sripanngern found from reading and interpreting inscriptions on the old Mon palm leaf manuscripts, was a country or kingdom inhabited by people of different ethnicities.

Nai Sunthorn spent several years studying Mon palm leaf manuscripts in monasteries in Central Thailand. Among the various manuscripts, he found a bundle of 72 pages entitled “Raja-thabuut”.

The ending note of the manuscripts stated that Raja-thabuut was first inscribed during the reign of King Siha Raja of Sudhammavati (Sadhun); the second time was during the reign of King Anawratha of Pagan; and the third time was during the reign of King Bayin-nuang of Hangthawaddy, said Nai Sunthorn in his paper “Comparison of Mon chronicles: Raja-thabuut and succeeding chronicles”, which is to be discussed at the conference.

As the legends hold, the old city of Hanthawaddy was founded by Mon monarchs in 592 with 17 successive Mon kings before the Mon royal city fell to Burmese kings of Pagan in 800. It was also a Mon monarch who built the world-renowned Shwedagon Pagoda, which has become a symbol of Burma today.

On three major occasions, the Mon lost their kingdom to wars with the Burmese, most devastatingly in 1757 when Burmese King Alongphaya attacked Hanthawaddy. Ten years later, the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya was also destroyed by the Burmese.

“In the past, most foreign scholars learnt about Mon from Burmese chronicles. But the Burmese chronicle on Mon was translated from Mon language and in which we found several inaccuracies,” the Mon scholar said.

Studying the history of the Mon by reading Burmese or English publications may lead to confusion and inaccuracy because they are usually translated from Burmese, Nai Sunthorn said.

For example, Mon people called both Thai and Tai ethnic people “Siam Kui”, but the Burmese called Thais “Yodia”. Many other inaccuracies were found in names and eras of kings and towns, said Nai Sunthorn, who was born in Mudon town, which is about 10 kilometres south of Moulemein.

Sunthorn will share new discoveries from the old Mon manuscripts with foreign scholars such as Patrick McCormick who studies “The Paak Laat Chronicles and the creation of Mon historical narratives”.

“This is the first time that scholars from East and West have come together to review Mon history and culture in various perspectives,” said Dr Sunait Chutintaranond, director of the Mekong Research Unit.

Southeast Asia is a diverse society but history, identity and culture of the stateless people are often overlooked, Sunait said.

“Mon is in many things we see as Thai-ness and Burmese today. Both Thailand and Burma integrated cultural diversities into what they call Thai and Burmese culture,” he said.

Sunait is among the few Thai historians who are experts on Burmese history.

In the royal court of Siam during the early Rattanakosin Era, many Mon ladies became mothers of princes and royal descendants of the Chakri Dynasty. Many Thai chronicles saw these Mon court ladies playing politics in order to support their male relatives in the Siamese court.

One such example was found in a foreign account written by Anna Leonowens, who served in the Siamese Court during the reign of King Mongkut (Rama IV).

In her famous and controversial book “The English Governess and the Siamese Court”, Leonowens tells the story of one of King Mongkut’s consorts who was put in jail because she had tried to suggest the King appoint her elder brother to a noble post.

“She had been led to petition, through her son, that an appointment held by her late uncle, Phya Khien, might be bestowed on her elder brother, not knowing that another noble had already been preferred to the post by his Majesty,” wrote Leonowens, who called the lady “Hidden-Perfume”.

A Thai-born Mon scholar, Ong Bunjoon, said the lady was Chao Chom Marnda Sonklin, who was from a Mon family. She wanted her brother to be appointed governor of Phra-pradaeng.

Ong, however, found in his work for his master’s thesis on “Mon Women in the Royal Court of Siam during the Ratanakosin Period 1782-1932″ that the Mon ladies made great contributions in the royal court, especially in arts and cultural aspects, which have become cultural components in Thai society.

“It can be said that the religion, arts and culture of the Mon have stretched from the court to the commoners because of the fact that many members of the governing class from past to present are Mon descendants,” said Ong, who has been working through Mon and Thai chronicles as well as foreign accounts on Mon studies for his research.

Ong will share his knowledge with about 50 scholars from Thailand, Burma and the West at the conference from October 11 to 13.

About 50 academic papers on Mon studies will be discussed, including “History of Mon culture and language assimilation and variation” by Nai Maung Toe, “A short history of Mon - migration, Indian civilisation and Kingdoms in Dvaravati and Ramanyadesa” by Nai Pan Hla.

The Mon way of life in ancient times will be featured in exhibitions and Mon performing arts including “Pee-Paat Mon” (Mon musical ensemble) from Hanthawaddy are scheduled for October 12-13 at Chulalongkorn University’s main auditorium. Thailand’s Department of Fine Arts will recall Mon history by performing the classical epic “Rajadhiraj” which features the stories of Mon, Burmese and Siamese monarchs of old.